Amongst the other captaincies founded about this period were those of _S. Amaro_, which adjoined _S. Vicente_, and _Espirito Santo_ to the north. Next came the captaincy of _Porto Seguro_, where Cabral had landed on first taking possession of _Brazil_. Here sugar-works were established with considerable success. Beyond came the captaincy of the _Ilheos_ or Isles, so called from a river with three islands near its bar. The town of old _S. Paulo_ was soon afterwards founded.
The coast from the _San Francisco_ river to the point of _Padram de Bahia_ was granted to Francisco Coutinho, a distinguished _Fidalgo_, to whom was likewise assigned that beautiful bay with its surrounding creeks and hundred islands. It may be mentioned, as showing the mixture of Portuguese and native blood which from the earliest settlement existed in the Brazilian race, that two of Coutinho’s followers married daughters of the first Portuguese settler, Diogo Alvarez, the mothers of whom were native women. A son of one of the neighbouring chiefs having been killed by the Portuguese, the savages attacked Coutinho, and after seven years of hostilities compelled him to abandon his settlement and retreat to the adjoining captaincy of the Isles. He was afterwards treacherously slain.
One other captaincy was established about this time--that of _Pernambuco_, the chief town of which, from its lovely situation, received the suggestive name of _Olinda_. The tribe occupying the vicinity were called _Cahetes_, and have handed down to this day the remarkable wicker-work _catamarans_, which those who have landed at _Pernambuco_ are not likely to forget. From this savage tribe, Coelho, to whom the grant was assigned, had to conquer by inches what had been granted to him by leagues; he was even attacked and besieged in his town. By degrees, however, and by the aid of an alliance with another tribe, he at length established himself in his captaincy.
The captaincy of _Maraham_ was assigned to John de Barros, the historian, who, dividing his grant with two others, undertook a scheme of conquest as well as of colonization, sending out from Portugal an expedition of nine hundred men. Fortune, however, did not smile upon the enterprise. The fleet was wrecked on some shoals, and the survivors escaped to the island which bears the above-mentioned name.