[40] Referring to the seminary of San Juan de Letran (VOL. XXII, pp. 108-111), in charge of the Dominicans; a similar grant had been made to this institution.
[41] Apparently referring to the port of Lampón (or Real de Lampon), known as "the royal port;" it lies on the Pacific coast of Infanta, Luzón. In the seventeenth century it was a harbor for the Acapulco galleons. See U. S. Gazetteer of Philippines, pp. 553, 578.
[42] This was Tsongching, and the rebellious mandarin was Li Tseching.
[43] The Chinese government entrusted to Jesuit missionaries the task of reforming the Chinese calendar; the chief of these were Johannes Adam Schall von Bell (in China during 1622-69), Giacomo Rho (or Ro; at Pekin, 1631-38), and Ferdinand Verbiest (in China, 1659-88)--all men of renowned ability as astrologers and mathematicians.
[44] This mode of torture is described by La Concepción (Hist. de Philipinas, vi, p. 51). The victim was suspended by his feet, the upper half of the body hanging, head down, in a pit beneath. Two heavy planks were then placed so that they pressed heavily upon the body, and held it motionless, covering the pit. The victim was finally suffocated in the blood which gushed from nostrils, mouth, etc.
[45] A word little used, meaning taxes or duties on goods which are carried from one place to another.
[46] "Patrimonial" apparently refers to imposts for the benefit of the royal estate (patrimonio real); "mixed," to those which are levied for both secular and civil expenses.
[47] This was done in the time of Gomez Perez Dasmariñas; see VOL. VIII, p. 169.
[48] Francisco de Toledo was viceroy of Peru from November 26, 1569 to September 28, 1581; he was a man of ability, but hard and cruel. He is principally known by his cruel persecution of the Incas and the native religion--putting to death the young and innocent Inca, Tupac Ameru, and many other nobles; and by the code which he issued for the government of the country, called Libro de Tasas ("Book of Rules"). See account of his government in Markham's History of Peru, pp. 148-159.
[49] Cañete was viceroy of Peru from January 6, 1590 to July 24, 1596. So great was the demand from the Spanish government for money that Cañete exerted all his efforts to satisfy this claim; and so oppressive were these exactions that rebellions arose, many natives died, and the country was almost ruined. Markham (History of Peru, pp. 161, 162) says that Cañete asked to be relieved, owing to the cares of his office and his broken health; and that Felipe II treated him with shameful ingratitude.