Uralic is a language family located in Northern Eurasia, in the countries of Finland, Estonia, Hungary (where Uralic languages are spoken by the majority of the population), in other countries Uralic languages are spoken by a minority of the population, these languages are spoken in far-northern Norway (in most of the Finnmark region and other regions of the far-north), in far-northern Sweden (in some areas of Norrland), and Russia (where Uralic languages are also spoken by a minority of its population, although there is a significant number of speakers in some Federal subjects - republics and autonomous districts or autonomous okrugs of Northern Russia, these languages are spoken in Udmurtia, Komi Republic, Mordvinia, Mari-El, Karelia, in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Taymyr Autonomous Okrug and also in the former area of Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug, now part of the Perm Krai, other areas where Uralic languages are spoken in Russia are for example the Kola Peninsula). In Latvia, in some of the far-northern coastal areas of Courland (Kurzeme) region, a dead Uralic language was spoken: Livonian.
Uralic languages are spoken by about 25 million people. The main Uralic languages in number of speakers are Hungarian (12-13 million), Finnish (5.4 million) and Estonian (1.1 million), that are also national and official languages of sovereign states.
Hypothetical ancestors
Major proposals for hypothetical relations to other language families and their proto-languages, none of which have gained wide acceptance:
Indo-Uralic
Uralo-Siberian
Uralic-Yukaghir
Eskimo-Uralic
Ural-Altaic
Ancestral
Proto-Uralic
Samoyedic
Proto-Samoyedic (ancestral) Nganasan (Tavgy, Tavgi, Tawgi, Tawgi-Samoyed) (Njaʔ / Ŋanasan Næ’) Avam Vadey Mator (Motor, Taigi, Karagas) (extinct) Mator proper / Motor Taygi Karagas Core Samoyedic Nenets-Enets Nenets (Yurak) Forest Nenets (Nešaŋ wata) Tundra Nenets (N’enytsia Wada / Nenyotsya’’ Wada) Transitional Nenets-Enets Yurats (extinct) Enets (Yenets, Yenisei-Samoyed) Forest Enets (Bay Ona’ Bazaan) Tundra Enets (Madu Ona’ Bazaan) Selkup-Kamas Selkup (Ostyak-Samoyed) (Šöl’ Qumyt Əty) Taz Selkup Tym Selkup Ket Selkup (not to be confused with Ket) Kamassian (Kamas, Koibal) (formerly spoken by the Kamasins in the Sayan Mountains, South Central Siberia) (extinct) Kamas/Kamassian Koibal/Koybal (Samoyedic Uralic Koybal) (Koibal people shifted to a Turkic language - Khakas)
Ob-Ugric
Proto-Ob-Ugric (ancestral) Mansi (Vogul) (a group of related languages, not a single language) Southern Mansi (all extinct) Chusovaya (spoken in the western slopes of the Ural Mountains, to the east of Kama river, in the European side) Tagil Tura Tavda (Tavdin) Core Mansi Central Mansi Western Mansi (extinct) Vishera (spoken in the western slopes of the Ural Mountains, to the east of Kama river, in the European side) Pelym North Vagilsk South Vagilsk Lower Lozva Middle Lozva Eastern Mansi (Kondin) Lower Konda Middle Konda Upper Konda Jukonda Northern Mansi (Maan's’i Latyŋ) (base of the standard and literary Mansi language) Upper Lozva Sosva Sygva Ob Khanty (Ostyak) (Hantĭ jasaŋ / Khantõ Yasõŋ / Kantõk Yasõŋ) (a group of related languages, not a single language) Western Khanty Northern Khanty Obdorsk/Obdorian (Salekhard Khanty) Berjozov (Synja, Muzhi, Shurishkar), Kazym, Sherkal (Ob dialects) Transitional Northern-Southern Khanty Atlym-Nizyam Khanty Atlym Nizyam Southern Khanty (Irtysh Khanty) (extinct) Upper Demjanka Lower Demjanka Konda Cingali Krasnojarsk Transitional Western-Eastern Khanty Salym Khanty Eastern Khanty Surgut Khanty Jugan Malij Jugan Pim Likrisovskoe Tremjugan / Tromagan Far Eastern Khanty Vakh Vasjugan Verkhne-Kalimsk Vartovskoe
Magyar
Proto-Hungarian (Proto-Magyar) Old Hungarian (ancestral) Hungarian (Magyar) (Magyar Nyelv) Northeast Hungary (Északkeleti) Palóc (Northwest) (Hungarian dialect with Cuman = Polovtsian, Khazar, Kabar and Pecheneg Turkic substrates, especially in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok, in Jászság there is a Hungarian dialect with an Ossetian Sarmatian substrate) Tisza–Körös (Tiszai) Southern Great Plain Southern Transdanubian Central Transdanubian – Little Hungarian Plain Western Transdanubian Transylvanian Plain Székely (East Transylvanian) Csángó (West Moldavian Hungarian)