[1] CHARLES M. KARCH, _Needles: Historical and Descriptive_ (12 Census U.S., vol. X, 1902), pp. 429-432.
[2] FLORENCE LEWIS MAY, _Hispanic Lace and Lace Making_ (New York, 1939), pp. 267-271.
[3] Diderot's _L'Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers ..._, vol. II (1763), Plates Brodeur, plate II.
[4] The term "crochet," as used today, became the modern counterpart of the Spanish _punto de aguja_ about the second quarter of the 19th century.
[5] _Sewing Machine News_ (1880), vol. 1, no. 7, p. 2.
[6] This model of Saint's machine was bequeathed by Mr. Wilson to the South Kensington Museum, London, England.
[7] _Sewing Machine News_ (1880), vol. 1, no. 8, p. 2.
[9] ERICH LUTH, _Ein Mayener Strumpfwirker, Balthasar Krems, 1760-1813, Erfinder der Nähmaschine_, p. 10, states that the machine used an eye-pointed needle. WILHELM RENTERS, _Praktisches Wissen von der Nähmaschine_, p. 4, states that Krems used a hooked needle. Renters probably mistook the hooked retaining pin for the needle.
[10] Dr. Dahmen, Burgermeister of Mayen, stated in a letter of October 8, 1963, that the original Krems machine was turned over to the officials of Mayen by Krems' descendants about the turn of the century. He verified that the machine used an eye-pointed needle. About 1920 the machine was placed in the Eifelmuseum in Genovevaburg; some of the unessential parts were restored. The machine now at this museum is the one pictured in Luth's book. A replica of the machine is in the Deutsches Museum, Munich, Germany.
[11] JOSEF MADERSPERGER, _Beschreibung einer Nähmaschine_ (Vienna, ca. 1816). The exact date of this small booklet is not known. In the booklet Madersperger reports that he had received a patent in 1814 for his _first_ machine adapted to straight sewing. However, the machine described and illustrated in this booklet was one that could stitch semicircles and small figures. In _Kunst und Gewerbeblatt_, a periodical (Munich, Germany, 1817, pp. 336-338), reference is made to the Madersperger machine and a statement to the effect that the inventor had published a leaflet describing his machine. The leaflet referred to is believed to be the one under discussion. For this reason it must have been published between 1814 and 1817, therefore ca. 1816. The only copy of this booklet known to this author is in the New York Public Library. It was probably not known to authors Luth and Renters. The author wishes to thank Miss Rita J. Adrosko of her staff for her important help in translating these German publications.