Landau hydrodynamics is a plausible description for the evolution of the dense hot matter produced in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. We review the formulation of Landau hydrodynamics to pave the way for its application in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. It is found that Landau's rapidity distribution needs to be modified to provide a better quantitative description. In particular, the rapidity distribution in the center-of-mass system should be more appropriately given as dN/dy \exp{ \sqrt{ y_b^2-y^2}}, where y_b=\ln{ \sqrt{ s_NN}/m_p} is the beam nucleon rapidity, instead of Landau's original result of dN/dy({ Landau}) \exp{ \sqrt{ L^2-y^2}} where L=\ln{ \sqrt{ s_NN}/2m_p}. The modified distribution is compared with the Landau distribution and experimental data. It is found that the modified distribution agrees better with experimental $dN/dy$ data than the Landau distribution and it differs only slightly from the Landau Gaussian distribution dN/dy(Landau-Gaussian) \exp{ -y^2/2L}. Past successes of the Gaussian distribution in explaining experimental rapidity data arises, not because it is an approximation of the original Landau distribution, but because it is in fact a close representation of the modified distribution.
Categories: nucl-th hep-ph