[Sidenote: All verses of the Koran containing the word Jihád and its
derivation quoted and explained.]
11. I herein place in juxtaposition the several English translations of
the word "Jihád," together with its etymological derivation and
several grammatical forms, to show, in the first place, that Mr. George
Sale and the Rev. J.M. Rodwell and other European authors generally give
the literal, original, and classical meaning; and in the second place, to show how they differ in giving various meanings, literal and technical, in some passages to the same word in the same verses.
It will be observed from a perusal of the statement, that the Rev. Mr. Rodwell, M.A., is more correct than the earliest English translator of the Koran, Mr. George Sale, and the latest, Mr. W.H. Palmer. The latter is the most unsatisfactory of all in this respect, as everywhere, except in six places—XXIX, 7; V, 39, 59; IV, 97; and IX, 74, 89—he translates Jihád as meaning fighting—a circumstance which not unnaturally leads to the supposition that he had paid but slight heed to the context. |----+-----+----+----+----+--------------------------------------------- |Serial No. | | No. of the Chapter and the Verse of the Koran. | | | Original Words. ---------------------------- | | | | George Sale's Translation. } ENGLISH | | | | | Rev. Rodwell's Translation. } | | | | | | Henry Palmer's Translation. } TRANSLATIONS. |----+-----+----+----+----+--------------------------------------------- | 1 | | | XXXI. 14 | | | "Jáhadáka" | | | | "Strive" | | | | | "Endeavour to prevail" | | | | | | "Strive." | 2 | | | XXV. 54 | | | "Jáhid," "Jihádan." | | | | "Oppose them herewith with strong opposition." | | | | | "By means of the Koran strive against them with | | | | | a mighty strife." | | | | | | "Fight strenuously; strenuous fight." | 3 | | | XXII. 77 | | | "Jáhidoo" | | | | "Fight in the defence of God's religion." | | | | | "Do valiantly" | | | | | | "Fight strenuously." | 4 | | | XVI. 111 | | | "Jáhadoo" | | | | "Have since sought "in the'' defence of the true religion." | | | | | "Fought" | | | | | | "Fought strenuously." | 5 | | | XXIX. 5 | | | "Jáhada" | | | | "Striveth" | | | | | "Maketh efforts" | | | | | | "Fight strenuously; fight strenuously." | 6 | | | XXIX. 7 | | | "Jáhadáka" | | | | "Endeavour" | | | | | "Strive" | | | | | | "Strive." |----+-----+----+----+----+--------------------------------------------- |Serial No. | | No. of the Chapter and the Verse of the Koran. | | | Original Words. ---------------------------- | | | | George Sale's Translation. } ENGLISH | | | | | Rev. Rodwell's Translation. } | | | | | | Henry Palmer's Translation. } TRANSLATIONS. |----+-----+----+----+----+--------------------------------------------- | 7 | | | XXIX. 69 | | | "Jáhadoo" | | | | "Utmost endeavour" | | | | | "Made efforts" | | | | | | "Fight strenuously." | 8 | | | XVI. 40 | | | "Jahd" | | | | "Most solemnly" | | | | | "Most sacred" | | | | | | "Most strenuous." | 9 | | | XXXV. 40 | | | "Jahd" | | | | "Most solemn" | | | | | "Mightiest" | | | | | | "Most strenuous." | 10 | | | II. 215 | | | "Jáhadoo" | | | | "Fight in God's cause" | | | | | "Fight" | | | | | | "Wage war." | 11 | | | III. 136 | | | "Jáhadoo" | | | | "Those who fought strenuously." | | | | | "Did valiantly" | | | | | | "Fought well." | 12 | | | VIII. 73 | | | "Jáhadoo be-am-walhim-w-anfosa-him." | | | | "Employed their substance and their persons in fight for | | | | the religion of God." | | | | | "Spent their substance and themselves for the cause | | | | | of God." | | | | | | "Fought strenuously with their wealth and | | | | | | person." |----+-----+----+----+----+--------------------------------------------- |Serial No. | | No. of the Chapter and the Verse of the Koran. | | | Original Words. ---------------------------- | | | | George Sale's Translation. } ENGLISH | | | | | Rev. Rodwell's Translation. } | | | | | | Henry Palmer's Translation. } TRANSLATIONS. |----+-----+----+----+----+--------------------------------------------- | 13 | | | VIII. 75 | | | "Jáhadoo" | | | | "Have fought for God's true religion." | | | | | "Fought" | | | | | | "Fought strenuously." | 14 | | | VIII. 76 | | | "Jáhadoo" | | | | "Have fought with you." | | | | | "Fought" | | | | | | "Fought strenuously." | 15 | | | VI. 109 | | | "Jahd" | | | | "Most solemn" | | | | | "Most binding" | | | | | | "Most strenuous" | 16 | | | XLVII. 33 | | | "Mojáhidína" | | | | "Who fight valiantly" | | | | | "Valiant" | | | | | | "Fought strenuously." | 17 | | | LXI. 11 | | | "Jáhidoo" | | | | "Defend God's true religion with your substance and in | | | | your person." | | | | | "Do valiantly" | | | | | | "To fight strenuously." | 18 | | | IV. 97 | | | 1st.