_Rep._ 420E, 421C; _Laws_ 779A, 807A-E, 808C. The passages in the _Laws_ apply particularly to the work of the soldier and the citizen. Cf. Ruskin, _Unto This Last_, I, 22 (Vol. XVII, 40) for a similar idea that the function of the laborer is not primarily to draw his pay, but to do his work well.

_Rep._ 552A, C, 564E; cf. _Laws_ 901A, where he refers to the passage in Hesiod’s _Erga_ 304: κηφηνέσσι κοθούροις. Cf. p. 27, n. 1, above. Poehlmann (_op. cit._, II, 87 f.) points to Plato’s demand that woman be freed, so that the total number of free workers may be increased, but Plato is thinking only of the ruling class.

A History of Greek Economic Thought — Part 42

_Laws_ 918B-919C, referring to retail trade; but if he could admit it for this, he surely could for the industries. Cf. Aristotle’s passage on liberal and illiberal work (_Pol._ 1337_b_5-22).

A History of Greek Economic Thought — Part 42

_Mun. Pul._, V, 105 and note (Vol. XVII, 234 f.), where he refers to Plato’s diminutive, ἄνθρωπίσκοι, as applied to laborers (_Rep._ 495C; _Laws_ 741E); _Time and Tide_, 103 (Vol. XVII, 402), 127 (p. 423 and note); _Crown of Wild Olive_, 2 (Vol. XVIII, 388), on the furnace; _Lectures on Art_, IV, 123 (Vol. XX, 113); on the evil effects of arts needing fire, as iron-working, where Xen. _Econ._ iv. 2, 3 is cited. He makes frequent reference to the Greek attitude, e.g., Vol. XVIII, 241, 461, and above. But he was not absolutely opposed to machinery; cf. _Cestus Aglaia_, 33 for what is called the finest eulogy of a machine in English literature. He even anticipated the great future mechanical development (_Mun. Pul._, 17).

A History of Greek Economic Thought — Part 42

_Stones of Venice_ (Vol. X, 201); cf. also IV, 6 (Vol. XI, 202 f.), where he cites Plato _Alc._ I. 129.

_Rep._ 370A-C and many other passages. Cf. _infra_; _Laws_ 846E-847A. Cf. _infra_ on the unfair interpretation of _Rep._ 421A by Zeller and others. Plato implies by the passage merely that specialization is more important for the statesman than for the cobbler (421C).

_Rep._ 369C. Adam Smith makes this the basal fact of exchange (_Wealth of Nations_, I, ii).

_Rep._ 370C: πλείω τε ἕκαστα γίγνεται καὶ κάλλιον καὶ ρᾷον, ὅταν ἑἶς ἓν κατὰ φύσιν, καὶ ἐν καιρῷ σχολὴν τῶν ἄλλων ἄγων, πράττῃ. He first states the principle less plausibly as a literary device, _Rep._ 369C; cf. 433A.