There were five special elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1949, during the 81st United States Congress.
List of elections
|-
|
| John J. Delaney
| | Democratic
| 1918
| | Incumbent died November 18, 1948, during previous congress.New member elected February 15, 1949.Democratic hold. | nowrap |
|-
|
| Sol Bloom
| | Democratic
| 1923
| | Incumbent died March 7, 1949.New member elected May 17, 1949.Liberal gain. | nowrap |
|-
|
| Robert L. Coffey
| | Democratic
| 1948
| | Incumbent died April 20, 1949.New member elected September 13, 1949.Republican gain. | nowrap |
|-
|
| Richard J. Welch
| | Republican
| 1926
| | Incumbent died September 10, 1949.New member elected November 8, 1949.Democratic gain. | nowrap |
|-
|
| Andrew L. Somers
| | Democratic
| 1924
| | Incumbent died April 6, 1949.New member elected November 8, 1949.Democratic hold. | nowrap |