Baha (Nepal Bhasa:बहाः) is a type of courtyard found amongst Newar communities in Nepal. It is the most dominant type of courtyard in Newari Architecture. Baha is a term for Buddhist Monastery and derives its name from a Sanskrit word Bihara, meaning joy or enchantment and thus is a place of religious bliss.
Characteristics
The characteristics of a Baha are:-
A square or rectangular space bounded by buildings in all sides
Surrounding buildings built on a raised platform called Falcha
Ground paved with brick or stone
Generally centrally placed Chaitya
Often presence of a well
The building opposite to the main entrance generally houses a Guthi with idols of deities in the ground floor
Significance
The baha are generally constructed by a family and their descendants reside in it for generations. Hence, it is not just a unit of residence but also a unit of kinship. The Guthis of Newars have their basis on Baha. So, they play a great role in maintaining the norms of Newari society and lifestyle.
Some Baha
Bhagwan Baha Thabahi (Thamel Tole) Makhan baha Sabal Baha Tacchya Baha Te Bahal Mu Baha Musya Baha Nagbahal Kwa Baha Itum bahal Jana bahal (Machhendra baha) Om Baha Iku Baha Kunsha Baha (Kohsha Baha) Tukabaha Okubaha Na Baha