[Footnote 32: Neill, _Virginia Carolorum_, 238; Tyler, _Cradle of the Republic_, 90.]
[Footnote 33: Hening, _Statutes_, I., 359-361.]
[Footnote 34: _Cal. of State Pap., Col._, 1574-1660, p. 343.]
[Footnote 35: _Md. Archives_, III., 265-267.]
[Footnote 36: _Cal. of State Pap., Col._, 1574-1660, p. 393.]
[Footnote 37: See report of the commissioners, _Va. Magazine_, XI., 32.]
[Footnote 38: Hening, _Statutes_, I., 363, 371.]
[Footnote 39: Virginia Land Grants, _MSS_.]
[Footnote 40: _Md. Archives_, IV., 268, 315.]
[Footnote 41: Bancroft, _United States_ (22d ed.), II, 134.]
[Footnote 42: Tyler, "Colonial Brick Houses," in _Century Magazine_, February, 1896.]
[Footnote 43: Hammond, _Leah and Rachel_ (Force, _Tracts_, III., No. xiv.).]
[Footnote 44: Tyler, "Virginians Voting in the Colonial Period," in _William and Mary Quarterly_, VI., 9.]
[Footnote 45: "Education in Colonial Virginia," _William and Mary Quarterly_, V., 219-223, VI., 1-7, 71-86, 171-186, VII., 1-9, 65, 77.]
[Footnote 46: Neill, _Virginia Carolorum_, 112.]
[Footnote 47: "Eaton's Deed," in _William and Mary Quarterly_, XI, 19.]
The founding of Maryland was due chiefly to the personal force of George Calvert, first Lord Baltimore, son of Leonard Calvert. He was born near Kiplin, in Yorkshire, about 1580, and graduated at Trinity College, Oxford, 1597. After making a tour of Europe he became the private secretary of Sir Robert Cecil, who rapidly advanced his fortunes. He served upon several missions to investigate the affairs of Ireland, was knighted in 1617, and in 1619 succeeded Sir Thomas Lake as principal secretary of state.
In this office he began to revolve plans of colonization in America, to which his attention was directed as a member of the Virginia Company since 1609. In 1620 he bought from Sir William Vaughan the southeastern peninsula of Newfoundland, known as Ferryland, and the next year sent some colonists thither. He supported the Spanish match; and when Charles changed his policy he obtained from the king in 1623 a charter for his province, which he called Avalon. In 1625 he resigned his secretaryship and openly avowed his adherence to the church of Rome; but the king, as a mark of favor, raised him to the Irish peerage, with the title of Baron of Baltimore, after a small town of that name in Ireland.[1]