Notable Turkish philosophers, scientists and scholars include:
A
Ahmet Yesevi, philosopher
Ahmet Resmi, historian
Ahi Çelebi, doctor
Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa, historian
Ali Akansu – Electrical engineer
İsmail Akbay – Engineer
Selman Akbulut, mathematician
Abdülkadir Topkaç, astronomer
Alev Alatlı, economist
Mustafa Âlî, historian
Ahmet Alkan, economist
Cahit Arf, mathematician
Oruç Aruoba, poet, philosopher
Aşıkpaşazade, historian
'Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk, mathematician
B
Aykut Barka, earth scientist
Asım Orhan Barut, University of Colorado-Boulder physicist
Turhan Baytop, botanist
Hulusi Behçet, dermatologist, physician and scientist
Besim Ömer Akalın, physician
Orkut Büyükkökten, software engineer
C
Katip Çelebi, historian, philosopher and geographer
Tantek Çelik, computer scientist
Erhan Çınlar, probabilist
Cahit Arf, mathematician
Celal Şengör, geologist
D
Hilmi Volkan Demir, scientist
Arda Denkel, philosopher
Naşide Gözde Durmuş, geneticist
E
Ahmed Resmî Efendi, historian and diplomat
Gelenbevi İsmail Efendi, mathematician
Hoca Sadeddin Efendi, historian
Yunus Emre, poet, mystic and philosopher
Osman Nuri Eralp, veterinary scientist and microbiologist
Ali Erdemir, scientist
Elza Erkip, electrical and computer engineer
Ayşe Erzan, theoretical physicist
İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi, philosopher and mystic
F
Molla Şemseddin Fenari, logician, Islamic theologian
Nusret Fişek, physician
Al-Farabi (872–950) (Al-Farabi, Pharabius), philosopher of Turkish or Persian origin
G
Erol Gelenbe, computer scientist
Feza Gürsey, mathematician and physicist
Nüzhet Gökdoğan, astronomer and mathematician
Fatin Gökmen, astronomer
H
Haji Bektash Veli, mystic
Osman Hamdi Bey, archaeologist
I
Masatoshi Gündüz Ikeda, mathematician
Ataç İmamoğlu, physicist
Erdal İnönü, physicist, politician
Ahmet Mete Işıkara (1941-2013), seismologist
K
İhsan Ketin (1914-1995), geologist
Osman Kibar, engineer and founder of Biosplice
Ioanna Kuçuradi (1936-), Professor of Philosophy, President of Turkish Philosophy Association Behram Kurşunoğlu (1922-2003), physicist Yalçın Küçük, economist, historian and sovietolog
M
Mirim Çelebi, astronomer
Janet Akyüz Mattei, astronomer
Müneccimbaşı Ahmed Dede, astronomer, astrologer and historian
Takiyettin Mengişoğlu, philosopher
N
Mustafa Naima, historian
Matrakçı Nasuh, mathematician, historian, geographer, cartographer, swordmaster, and miniaturist Leyla Neyzi, anthropologist, sociologist and historian
O
Hakkı Ögelman, physicist and astrophysicist
Mehmet Öz, surgeon and author
Feryal Özel, astrophysicist
Hasan Özbekhan, scientist, cyberneticist, philosopher and planner who was Professor Emeritus
P
Burçin Mutlu-Pakdil, astrophysicist
Ahmet Cevdet Pasha, sociologist, legist and historian
İbrahim Peçevi, historian
Kadrî of Pergamon, linguist
Q
Ali Kuşçu, astronomer, mathematician, physicist and scientist
R
Piri Reis, cartographer and admiral
Kemal Reis, cartographer
Bursalı Kadızade Rumi, mathematician
Seydi Ali Reis, cartographer
S
Gülsün Sağlamer, architect
Aziz Sancar, biochemist
Aydın Sayılı - historian of science
Mustafa Selaniki, historian
Muzafer Sherif, social psychologist
Oktay Sinanoğlu (1935–2015), theoretical chemist and molecular biologist
Uğur Şahin, cancer research, immunology, CEO of BioNTech
Celâl Şengör – geologist
Sabuncuoğlu Şerafeddin, physician
T
Takiyüddin, Ottoman polymath, astronomer
Semih Tezcan, civil engineer
Hüseyin Tevfik Pasha, mathematician
Mehmet Toner, cryobiologist, biomedical engineer
Özlem Türeci, physician, scientist and entrepreneur; co-founded the biotechnology company BioNTech