(4) The twigs of shagbark are pubescent but range in degrees from almost none to densely pubescent. The fastest grown twigs are apt to be the least pubescent.
(5) Leaves are compound with 3-5 leaflets commonly found and 7 leaflets rarely found.
(6) Leaflet shapes varied from tree to tree being ovate, obovate or elliptical.
(7) Leaflet margins with one exception were more or less ciliate.
(8) Most female flowers of shagbark have 2 stigmatic lobes, however, 3 stigmatic lobes resulting in triangular nuts are not uncommon.
(9) The typical male ament is three branched but one and two branched aments have been observed.
(10) The husk of shagbark varies in thickness from 1/8 inch to 1/2 inch in thickness when dry. The usual husk is 4-parted but one tree bore 5-parted husks consistently.
The average husk thickness is around 1/4 inch.
(12) There are three general fruit shapes, (1) globose, (2) ovoid and (3) obovate.
(13) There are at least 5 general types of normal nut shapes for Onondaga County, N. Y. as listed in the text of this paper.
(14) Three abnormal nut types were also encountered growing concurrently with the normal types.
(15) Nutshell color varied from brownish to creamy white. The darker colors were generally associated with the elliptical, oval or obovate nut forms.
(16) Nutshell thickness varied between 1/2 and 2 millimeters; the more angled the nut, the thicker the shell.
(17) All of the hickory nuts tested had sweet, edible seeds. The seed coats varied from a light tan to a bronze in color.
Within the single species of nut tree called shagbark hickory, _Carya ovata_ (Mill.) K. Koch., in central New York, there exists a great degree of diversity. However, in spite of these differences, the examined sample trees may be placed without a question in their proper genus and species and the author would venture the opinion that the advisability of placing variety names on portions of the species is a doubtful and hazardous procedure until much more is known concerning the species than is known at present.
MR. PAPE: This paper is the result of the fact that some of us down in Indiana are losing 75 to 95 per cent of our hickory crop each year by the curculio, and what we are trying to do is work up a little interest with this paper, so at the conclusion of this we can get a discussion started and learn the experiences of other people. Maybe you will be able to help us down in Indiana.