[18] Muratori, _Annali ad ann. 1050_: "et Pisa fuit firmata de tota Sardinia a Romana sede."--_Ann. Pis._, R.I.S., tom. vi.
[19] Tronci, _Annali Pisani_, Livorno, 1682, p. 21.
[21] Muratori (_Annali ad ann._) says Pope Alexander visited in this year S. Martino the Duomo of Lucca. Ad ann. 1118 he suggests 1092 for the foundation of the Duomo of Pisa.
[22] Thus Tronci; but Volpe, _Studi sulle Istituzioni Comunali a Pisa_, p. 6, tells us that these quarters did not exist till much later,--till after 1164, when the system of division by _porte e base_ was abandoned for division by _quartieri_. Tronci, later, says that the city was unwalled (p. 38). But even in the eleventh century Pisa was a walled city; the first walls included only the Quartiere di Mezzo; and in those days the city proper, the walled part, was called "Populus Pisanus," while the suburbs were called Cinthicanus, Foriportensis, and de Burgis. Cf. _Arch. St. It._ iii. vol. VIII. p. 5. Muratori, _Dissertazioni_, 30, "De Mercat." says that in the tenth century a part of the city was called Kinzic; cf. Fanucci, _St. dei Tre celebri Popoli Maritt._ I. 96. Kinzic is Arabic, and means _magazzinaggi_.
[25] It was from Amalfi that they brought home the Pandects.
[26] The first Podestà of the city was Conte Tedicis della Gherardesca.
[27] Pisa was perhaps influenced, too, in her choice of the Ghibelline side by the interference of the Papacy against her in Corsica. While, if Pisa was Ghibelline, Lucca, of course, was Guelph.
[28] Cf. G. Villani, _op. cit._ lib. vii. cap. ii., "La cagione perchè si comincio la guerra da' Fiorentini a' Pisani," and Villari, _History of Florence_ (Eng. ed. 1902), p. 176.
[29] This seems to give the lie to the accusation of treachery, which said that he gave the signal for flight at Meloria; but in fact it does not, for Pisa elected Ugolino for reasons, in the hope of conciliating Florence; cf. Villari, _op. cit._ p. 284.
[31] It was also called _la muda_. It seems hardly necessary to refer the reader to Dante, _Inferno_, xxxiii. 1-90. This tower (now to be called the Tower of Hunger) was the mew of the eagles. For even as the Romans kept wolves on the Capitol, so the Pisans kept eagles, the Florentines lions, the Sienese a wolf. See Villani, bk. vii. 128. Heywood, _Palio and Ponte_, p. 13, note 2.