The Liverpool and Manchester Railway (LMR) 57 Lion is an early 0-4-2 steam locomotive, which had a top speed of and could pull up to 200 tons (203 tonnes). One of a pair designed for hauling freight (the other, number 58, was called Tiger), Lion was built by Todd, Kitson & Laird of Leeds in 1838. It featured in the 1953 Ealing comedy, The Titfield Thunderbolt.
History
19th century
Lion was ordered by the LMR in October 1837 as one of an order of six locomotives from Todd, Kitson & Laird of Leeds. They were built according to the patents of Robert Stephenson for a 6-wheeled locomotive and that of LMR Locomotive Superintendent John Melling, and included several of his patent ideas: hollow water filled firebars, a pre-heating tank beneath the firebox into which waste steam from the safety valve could be directed, Melling's patent radial valve gear, and a coupling wheel to aid adhesion. Lion and her sister Tiger were 0-4-2 'luggage' engines for working goods trains. They had 11 x 20 inch cylinders, 5 ft driving wheels, 3 ft 1 in diameter carrying wheels, and 50 psi boilers that were 7 ft 4 in long and slightly oval in cross section.
Lion was rebuilt at Edge Hill by the LMR in 1841 with a new boiler 8 ft 6 in long, which necessitated the building of longer frames, new 12 x 18 inch cylinders, new valves and valve chests, and a new valve gear as designed by William Barber Buddicom in 1840-1841. Lions present cylinders measure 14 1/8th inches x 18 inches, indicating that they were changed at a later date.
In 1845, the LMR was absorbed by the Grand Junction Railway (GJR), which in turn was one of the constituents of the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) a year later. Lion was re-numbered 116 on the LNWR Northern Division.
It was used in traffic until 1857, when it was transferred to the Stores Department as Ballast Engine No. 14. Lion was sold to the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board in May 1859 for £400 to work the internal system of the Docks & Harbour Board in Liverpool. A new boiler (that was probably the present boiler carried by the engine) was fitted by the Harbour Board in 1865.
Rediscovery and restoration
Around 1874, Lion was retired to work as a pumping engine at the Graving Dock facility at Prince's Dock which came into use in January 1875. It was "rediscovered" in 1923 and then rescued by members of the Liverpool Engineering Society in 1928 when it was replaced by an electric pump, and then renovated by Crewe Works. Lion's tender had long since been scrapped, so a new one was built by Crewe using parts from a scrapped Furness Railway tender, originally built by Sharp, Stewart of Manchester. Other work included a new chimney, new smokebox doors, wheel splashers, foot plate and cab guard rails, boiler lagging and boiler tubes, the fitting of a mechanical lubricator and new boiler fittings. The cylinders were also probably re-bored. A controversial copper cover was fitted over the high-crowned wagon-top firebox to simulate an arc de cloitre firebox of the 1840s period.
Following restoration, Lion took part in the Liverpool and Manchester Railway Centenary exhibition during September 1930 in Wavertree Playground, where it ran round a circular track pulling specially-constructed replica carriages which are now preserved in the National Railway Museum. The locomotive was then moved to a pedestal at Liverpool Lime Street station where it stood until 1937. It was then reactivated to appear in the film Victoria the Great at Denham Studios and participate in a publicity stunt on the line between Llandudno Junction and Colwyn Bay, where it ran at slow speed side-by-side with ex-LNWR George the Fifth Class No. 5348 Coronation and the newly-introduced Coronation Scot service. Lion also featured in the London and Birmingham Railway centenary at Euston station in 1938. It was moved back to Crewe Works for storage during the war years.
Postwar
In early 1951, the locomotive was removed from storage and reconditioned to appear in the film The Lady with a Lamp, which retold the story of Florence Nightingale. It was used for a train station scene filmed at Cole Green railway station in Hertfordshire.