We report the discovery of Balmer broad absorption lines (BALs) in the quasar LBQS 1206+1052 and present a detailed analysis of the peculiar absorption line spectrum. Besides Mg II $\lambda \lambda 2796, 2803$ doublet, BALs are also detected in He I* multiplet at $\lambda \lambda 2946, 3189, 3889$ \AA arising from metastable helium $2^3S$ level, and in H$\alpha$ and H$\beta$ from excited hydrogen H I* $n=2$ level, which are rarely seen in quasar spectra. We identify two components in the BAL troughs of $\Delta v\sim$2000 km s$^{ -1}$ width: One component shows an identical profile in H I*, \hei* and \mgii with its centroid blueshifted by $-v_{ \rm c}\approx 726$ km\ s$^{ -1}$. The other component is detected in \hei* and \mgii with $-v_{ \rm c}\approx 1412$ km s$^{ -1}$. We estimate the column densities of H I*, He I*, and Mg II, and compare them with possible level population mechanisms. Our results favor the scenario that the Balmer BALs originate in a partially ionized region with a column density of $N_{ \rm H}\sim 10^{ 21-22}$ cm$^{ -2}$ for an electron density of $n_e\sim 10^{ 6-8} $cm$^{ -3}$ via Ly$\alpha$ resonant scattering pumping. The harsh conditions needed may help to explain the rarity of Balmer absorption line systems in quasar spectra. With an $i$-band PSF magnitude of 16.50, LBQS 1206+1052 is the brightest Balmer-BAL quasar ever reported. Its high brightness and unique spectral properties make LBQS 1206+1052 a promising candidate for follow-up high-resolution spectroscopy, multi-band observations, and long-term monitoring.
Categories: astro-ph.CO