[55] Caesar, _Bell. Gall._ vii. 65 ‘trans Rhenum in Germaniam mittit ad eas civitates quas superioribus annis pacaverat equitesque ab his arcessit et levis armaturae pedites, qui inter eos proeliari consuerant’.
[56] x. 4862: ‘… praef(ecto) cohort(is) Ubiorum peditum et equitum …’ The inscription dates from the end of the reign of Augustus.
[57] viii. 2532, 18042: ‘Eq(uites) coh(ortis) Commagenorum. Difficile est cohortales equites etiam per se placere, difficilius post alarem exercitationem non displicere: alia spatia campi, alius iaculantium numerus … equorum forma, armorum cultus pro stipendi modo.’
[59] iii. 6760 with Mommsen’s note. Cf. also the roll of the Cohors I Lusitanorum cited below.
[60] Hyginus, 1, gives this as the size of a legionary _contubernium_, and the ‘four quaternions’ of Acts xii. 4 suggest that the same system prevailed among the troops of the client kingdom of Palestine.
[61] For text and discussion see Mommsen in _Eph. Ep._ vii. 456-67. He considers that the papyrus supports 60 as the normal strength of a century in these _cohortes equitatae_.
[62] The name is incorrect but convenient. Excluding D. xc, which is of an exceptional character, the diplomata cover the period from the reign of Nero (D. ci is the earliest, being apparently issued before 60) to 178 (D. lxxvi).
[64] For example, the _praemia_ are granted to soldiers who are not yet discharged in diplomata for 60 (ii), 74 (xi), 83 (xv), 84 (xvi), and 86 (xix). The latest example is dated in 105 (xxxiv).
[65] e.g. a diploma for 114 (xxxix) mentions a wife, two sons, and a daughter, another for 134 (xlviii) four sons and two daughters.
[66] The first to give the new wording for the auxiliaries is a British diploma of 146 (lvii), and it is universal after this date.
[67] _Oxyrhynchus Papyri_, vii. 1022. Given with commentary by Wilcken and Mitteis in _Papyruskunde_, no. 453. Cf. also iii. 14632. The two recruits described on the roll of the Cohors I Lusitanorum as _accepti ex legione II Traiana_ may have been transferred as a punishment, the _militiae mutatio_ prescribed in the _Digest_, xlix. 16, as the appropriate penalty for various military offences.
[68] The last diploma to mention children is dated 138 (cviii).