There is an interesting article, with many quotations of graffiti, in the _Edinburgh Review_, October 1859, vol. cx. (C. We.)
GRAFLY, CHARLES (1862- ), American sculptor, was born at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on the 3rd of December 1862. He was a pupil of the schools of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, and of Henri M. Chapu and Jean Dampt, and the École des Beaux Arts, Paris. He received an Honorable Mention in the Paris Salon of 1891 for his "Mauvais Présage," now at the Detroit Museum of Fine Arts, a gold medal at the Paris Exposition, in 1900, and medals at Chicago, 1893, Atlanta, 1895, and Philadelphia (the gold Medal of Honor, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts), 1899. In 1892 he became instructor in sculpture at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, also filling the same chair at the Drexel Institute, Philadelphia. He was elected a full member of the National Academy of Design in 1905. His better-known works include: "General Reynolds," Fairmount Park, Philadelphia; "Fountain of Man" (made for the Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo); "From Generation to Generation"; "Symbol of Life"; "Vulture of War," and many portrait busts.
GRÄFRATH, a town in Rhenish Prussia, on the Itterbach, 14 m. E. of Düsseldorf on the railway Hilden-Vohwinkel. Pop. (1905) 9030. It has a Roman Catholic and two Evangelical churches, and there was an abbey here from 1185 to 1803. The principal industries are iron and steel, while weaving is carried on in the town.
GRAFT (a modified form of the earlier "graff," through the French from the Late Lat. _graphium_, a stylus or pencil), a small branch, shoot or "scion," transferred from one plant or tree to another, the "stock," and inserted in it so that the two unite (see HORTICULTURE). The name was adopted from the resemblance in shape of the "graft" to a pencil. The transfer of living tissue from one portion of an organism to another part of the same or different organism where it adheres and grows is also known as "grafting," and is frequently practised in modern surgery. The word is applied, in carpentry, to an attachment of the ends of timbers, and, as a nautical term, to the "whipping" or "pointing" of a rope's end with fine twine to prevent unravelling. "Graft" is used as a slang term, in England, for a "piece of hard work." In American usage Webster's _Dictionary_ (ed. 1904) defines the word as "the act of any one, especially an official or public employé, by which he procures money surreptitiously by virtue of his office or position; also the surreptitious gain thus procured." It is thus a word embracing blackmail and illicit commission. The origin of the English use of the word is probably an obsolete word "graft," a portion of earth thrown up by a spade, from the Teutonic root meaning "to dig," seen in German _graben_, and English "grave."