[Footnote 37: See Meyer, "Die staats- und völkerrechtlichen Ideen von Pierre Dubois" (1909); Schücking, "Die Organisation der Welt" (1909), pp. 28-30; Vesnitch, "Deux Précurseurs Français du Pacifism, etc." (1911), pp. 1-29.]
[Footnote 38: See Schwitzky, "Der Europaeische Fürstenbund Georg's von Podiebrad" (1909), and Schücking, "Die Organisation der Welt" (1909), pp. 32-36.]
[Footnote 39: See Nys, "Études de Droit International et de Droit Politique" (1896), pp. 301-306, and Darby, "International Arbitration" (4th ed. 1904), pp. 10-21.]
[Footnote 40: See Balch, "Le Nouveau Cynée de Émeric Crucée" (1909); Darby, "International Arbitration" (4th ed. 1904), pp. 22-33; Vesnitch, "Deux Précurseurs Français du Pacifism, etc." (1911), pp. 29-54.
The schemes enumerated in the text are those which were advanced before the appearance of Grotius's work "De Jure Belli ac Pacis" (1625). The numerous plans which made their appearance afterwards--that of the Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels, 1666; of Charles, Duke of Lorraine, 1688; of William Penn, 1693; of John Bellers, 1710; of the Abbé de St. Pierre (1658-1743); of Kant, 1795; and of others--are all discussed in Schücking, "Die Organisation der Welt" (1909), and Darby, "International Arbitration" (4th ed. 1904). They are as utopian as the pre-Grotian schemes, but they are nevertheless of great importance. They preached again and again the gospel of the organisation of the Family of Nations, and although their ideal has not been and can never be realised, they drew the attention of public opinion to the fact that the international relations of States should not be based on arbitrariness and anarchy, but on rules of law and comity. And thereby they have indirectly influenced the gradual growth of rules of law for these international relations.]
DEVELOPMENT OF THE LAW OF NATIONS AFTER GROTIUS
Lawrence, §§ 29-53, and Essays, pp. 147-190--Halleck, I. pp. 12-45--Walker, History, I. pp. 138-202--Taylor, §§ 65-95--Nys, I. pp. 19-46--Martens, I. §§ 21-33--Fiore, I. Nos. 32-52--Calvo, I. pp. 32-101--Bonfils, Nos. 87-146--Despagnet, Nos. 20-27--Mérignhac, I. pp. 43-78--Ullmann, §§ 15-17--Laurent, "Histoire du Droit des Gens, &c.," 14 vols. (2nd ed. 1861-1868)--Wheaton, "Histoire des Progrès du Droit des Gens en Europe" (1841)--Bulmerincq, "Die Systematik des Völkerrechts" (1858)--Pierantoni, "Storia del diritto internazionale nel secolo XIX." (1876)--Hosack, "Rise and Growth of the Law of Nations" (1883), pp. 227-320--Brie, "Die Fortschritte des Völkerrechts seit dem Wiener Congress" (1890)--Gareis, "Die Fortschritte des internationalen Rechts im letzten Menschenalter" (1905)--Dupuis, "Le Principe d'Équilibre et le Concert Européen de la Paix de Westphalie à l'Acte d'Algésiras" (1909)--Strupp, "Urkunden zur Geschichte des Völkerrechts," 2 vols. (1911).