James Coey (February 12, 1841 – July 14, 1918) was a United States military officer who fought with the Union Army as a member of the 147th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War. Twice brevetted for "conspicuous gallantry" and "meritorious service", he also received his nation's highest award for valor, the U.S. Medal of Honor, which was conferred on May 12, 1892, in recognition of his efforts to rally his brigade around regimental colors and inspire a charge on the enemy during the Battle of Hatcher's Run, Virginia on February 6, 1865.
Post-war, he held multiple federal and state government positions, including: U.S. Collector of Internal Revenue, District of San Francisco, California; U.S. Postmaster, San Francisco; U.S. Assessor, Internal Revenue Service (Utah Territory); Brigadier-General, 2nd Brigade, California National Guard; and Major-General, commanding, California National Guard.
Formative years
Born in New York City, New York on February 12, 1841, James Coey was a son of Elizabeth (Carlisle) Coey, a native of Ireland who had been born circa 1807. He was reared and educated in New York with his siblings: William John (1828–1895) and Samuel (born circa 1845).
Civil War
James Coey enlisted for Civil War military service at the age of 21. After enrolling in Oswego County on August 21, 1862, he was officially mustered in for duty on September 11 with Company E of the 147th New York Volunteer Infantry. He was then commissioned as a first lieutenant of E Company on October 4 of that year, and as E Company's captain on February 4, 1863. Placed on detached duty in July 1863 and assigned to service at the Union's military prison at Elmira, New York, he remained there through at least August of that year, and then returned to duty with his regiment.
On May 7, 1864, the final day of the Battle of the Wilderness, he was "severely wounded at Laurel Hill, Wilderness, Va." In recognition of his valor, he was commissioned as a major with his regiment on December 28 of that year.
On February 6, 1865, he was then severely wounded again — this time, during the Battle of Hatcher's Run. According to his Medal of Honor citation, which was awarded for his actions that day, he grabbed his regiment's colors while urging his brigade to charge a Confederate army position. Wounded during that charge, he ordered his subordinates to lift him up onto his horse, and continued to push his brigade to halt the enemy's advance. Brevetted as a lieutenant colonel with the U.S. Volunteers on March 13, 1865 "for conspicuous gallantry in the battles of the Wilderness and at Laurel Hill, Va.", he was brevetted again to the rank of Colonel, U.S. Volunteers on April 9 of that year "for gallant and meritorious services during the war, and in the recent campaign, terminating in the surrender of General Robert E. Lee." Placed in command of his regiment during the final year of the war, he mustered out with his regiment on June 7, 1865.
According to his U.S. Civil War Pension records, he sustained a gunshot wound to the face, which resulted in total deafness in his right ear, facial paralysis, and the loss of smell.
Post-war life
Following his honorable discharge from the military, Coey returned home to New York, where he resided in the town of Redfield with his widowed mother and brothers, William and Samuel, in 1865. Also residing at the home were his maternal uncle, Thomas Carlisle; three nephews, William John (Jr.), Milton B. and Charles P. Coey, who were sons of his older brother William and later grew up to become prominent bankers in the state of Washington; and three individuals documented on that year's New York State Census as servants. Records that year also documented that James Coey and his brother, William, were employed as accountants while their brother, Samuel, was employed as a farmer.
Sometime around 1866, James Coey married Pennsylvania native Maria L. Reynolds (1844–1925), and relocated with her to California. In 1868, he was appointed as the U.S. Collector of Internal Revenue for the District of San Francisco. From 1869 to 1870, he served as the U.S. Postmaster for San Francisco.
According to the federal census, by 1870, Coey and his wife were residing at a sizeable boarding house operated by Harriet Hannah in the City of San Francisco's 10th Ward. In 1871, he was appointed U.S. Assessor for the Internal Revenue Service's Utah Territory. The next year, on August 15, 1872, he and his wife greeted the arrival of daughter Louise.