[1] Paul Heyse expresses this thought in an excellent epigram:

Bist du schon gut, weil du gläubig bist? Der Teufel ist sicher kein Atheist.

Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature, Vol. III (of 6) The Reaction in France — Part 124

O honte, ô crime! on rosse les Puissances, On jet à bas dix mille intelligences Qui figuraient dans les processions; De leurs gradins les Trônes on renverse, On foule aux pieds les Dominations Et des Vertus le troupeau se disperse. ... l'on jet à leur nez, Devinez quoi? les têtes chérubines Aux frais mentons, aux lèvres purpurines. Parny, _La Guerre des Dieux_, canto 10.

Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature, Vol. III (of 6) The Reaction in France — Part 124

Propres sans plus à garnir les gradins, À cet emploi se borne leur génie, C'est ce qu'au bal nous autres sots humains Nous appelons: faire tapisserie.

Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature, Vol. III (of 6) The Reaction in France — Part 124

_Cf_. Parny: Étaient-ils trois, ou bien n'étaient-ils qu'un? Trois en un seul; vous comprenez, j'espère? Figurez-vous un vénérable père, Au front serein, à l'air un peu commun, Ni beau, ni laid, assez vert pour son âge Et bien assis sur le dos d'un nuage ... De son bras droit à son bras gauche vole Certain pigeon coiffé d'un auréole ... Sur ses genoux un bel agneau repose, Qui, bien lavé, bien frais, bien délicat, Portant au cou ruban couleur de rose, De l'auréole emprunt aussi l'éclat. Ainsi parut le triple personnage....

[6] "In this condition he was more enamoured, more vivacious; he told me that I gave him the most rapturous pleasure, called me a seductress, &c, and in that secluded place did what he pleased" (Madame de Saman, _Les Enchantements de Prudence. Avec préface de George Sand_, 1873, pp. 166, &c).

[7] Chateaubriand, _Les Martyrs_, more particularly books iii. and viii.; _Mémoires d'outre-tombe_; Sainte-Beuve, _Chateaubriand et son groupe littéraire sous l'Empire_; Nettement, _Histoire de la littérature française sous la Restauration_, i., ii.

[9] _Buonaparte et les Bourbons_, pp. 36, 37.

[10] _Mémoires d'outre-tombe_, 1849, iv. 452, &c, vi. I, &c.

[11] "Et il se rengorgea d'un air capable et goguenard; mais je ne prétendais disputer au Roi aucune puissance."

[12] _Mémoires d'outre-tombe_, viii. 216, 222; _Congrès de Vérone_, i. 172, ii. 525.

Amongst the personages of the day we come upon one class peculiarly characteristic of this period, namely, the converts. In an anxiously religious age following upon one of little faith this class was inevitably a numerous one. Laharpe's conversion during the very course of the Revolution had excited much attention. Chateaubriand himself was a convert. It is possibly the converts who help us to the clearest understanding of the nature of the new spirit, for in them we see it striving with and overcoming the old. The convert is, moreover, always ardent; he is full of his new belief, and consequently has, or affects, a peculiarly expressive countenance. The rule that the spirit of a period mirrors itself typically in that period's leading characters holds doubly good in the case of the individual whose character it is to be converted, especially if that individual is a woman. History contains no record of a woman, with her receptive nature, having led her age onward to new development, but some woman generally presents us with a specially marked type of the character of her age. The _émigrés_ group themselves round Madame de Staël, the leaders of Romanticism rally round Caroline Schlegel, and the age of the rehabilitation of religion finds poetically pious expression in Madame de Krüdener.