Title I. — The Form of Goveknment and the Territory of the Portuguese Nation.
Article 1. The Portuguese nation, constituted as a unitary vState, adopts the Republic as the form of government, in the terms of this Constitution.
Art. 2. The territory of the Portuguese nation is that existing at
the date of the proclamation of the Republic.
§. The nation does not renounce the rights which it has or may
hereafter acquire to any other territory.
Title II. — Individual Rights and Guarantees.
Art. 3. The Constitution guarantees to Portuguese and foreigners
resident in the country the inviolability of their rights with regard to liberty, personal security and property, in the following terms :
1. No one can be forced to do anything, or to desist from doing
anything, except by virtue of a law.
2. The law is equal for all, but only that which has been promul-
gated in the terms of this Constitution is binding.
3. The Portuguese Eepublic does not admit privileges of birth
or prerogatives of nobility, and abolishes all titles of nobility and of councilorship, as also all orders of merit and all their rights and privileges. Civil deeds and military acts may be rewarded by special diplomas.
No Portuguese citizen may accept a foreign decoration.
4. Liberty of conscience and of creed is inviolable.
5. The State recognizes the political and civil equality of all
creeds, and guarantees their exercise within the limits compatible
with public order, the laws and good customs, so long as they do not infringe the principles of Portuguese public right.
6. No one can be persecuted on religious grounds, nor ques-
tioned by any authority with regard to the religion professed.
7. No one can, on the ground of religious opinions, be deprived
of any right or be exempted from the performance of a civic duty.
8. The public observance of any religion is free in the buildings
chosen or destined for the purpose by the followers of that religion, and the buildings can always have the exterior form of a church ; but, in the interests of public order and of the liberty and safety of citizens, a special law shall lay down the conditions of its observance.
9. Public cemeteries shall have a secular character, the exer-
cise of the respective rites being free to all religions as regards their followers, so long as they do not offend public morals, the principles of Portuguese public right and the law.
10. Teaching in public and private establishments under gover: ment control shall be neutral as regards religion.
11. Primary elementary education shall be obligatory and gr
tuitous.
12. The legislation in force which abolished and dissolved : Portugal the Society of Jesus, the societies therein aifiliated, of whal ever denomination, and all religious congregations and monastic order is maintained, and they shall never be admitted in Portuguese ter ritory.
13. The expression of thought in any form whatever is com
pletely free, and not dependent upon the previous giving of security
submission to censure or the obtaining of previous authorizatioi
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but the abuse of this privilege is punishable in the cases and in the manner prescribed by law.
14. The ri^ht of meeting and association is free to all. Special
laws shall detennine the form and conditions of this right.
15. Inviolability of domicile is guaranteed; the house of a citi-
zen may be entered at night without his consent only when a demand
therefor is made from within or in order to render assistance to vic- tims of crimes or accidents ; and during the day only in the cases and in the manner prescribed by law.
16. No one can be arrested unless on a specific charge, except in. flagrante delicto and in the following cases :
Forgery of coins or of national bank-notes and bonds of the Por-
tuguese public debt, deliberate homicide when qualified as a crime, burglary, robbery, fraudulent bankruptcy and arson.
17. No one shall be committed to prison or be therein detained if
already imprisoned, who offers proper surety or declaration of resi-
dence in the cases in which the law admits it.