1. That the only remedy is a reduction of the rates, the more frequent despatch of letters, and additional deliveries.
2. That the extension of railways makes these changes urgently necessary.
3. That a _moderate_ reduction in the rates would occasion loss, without diminishing the peculiar evils of the present state of things, or giving rise to much increased correspondence, and,
4. That the principle of a low, uniform rate, is _just in itself_, and when combined with prepayment and collection by stamp, would be exceedingly convenient and highly satisfactory to the public.
So far, their finding, point by point, was in favour of Mr. Hill's scheme. They reported further that, in their _opinion_, the establishment of a penny rate would not, after a temporary depression, result in any ultimate loss to the revenue. As, however, the terms of their appointment precluded them from recommending any plan which involved an immediate loss, they restricted themselves to suggesting an uniform _twopenny_ rate.
The Commissioners of Post-Office Inquiry,--consisting of Lord Seymour, Lord Duncannon, and Mr. Labouchere,--who were charged with an "inquiry into the management of the Post-Office," had already concluded their sittings, and had decided upon recommending Mr. Hill's plan as far as it concerned the "twopenny post" department; that being the only branch then under consideration. "We propose," say they, and the words are significant, "that the distinction in the rates and districts, which now applies to letters delivered in the twopenny and threepenny post, shall not in any way affect correspondence transmitted under stamped covers; and that any letter not exceeding half an ounce shall be conveyed free within the metropolis, and the district to which the town and country deliveries extend, _if inclosed in an envelope bearing a penny stamp_."
With these important recommendations in its favour, the scheme was submitted to Parliament. It had met with so much approval, and the subject seemed so important, that the Government took charge of the measure. The Chancellor of the Exchequer had the project of a uniform rate of postage embodied in a Bill, which passed in the session of 1839. This Act, which was affirmed by a majority of 102 members, conferred temporarily the necessary powers on the Lords of the Treasury. Many of the Conservative party opposed the Government proposals. Sir Robert Peel's chief argument against the change was, that it would necessitate a resort to a direct tax on income. In order, however, to strengthen the hands of the Government, now that the question was narrowed in all minds to the single one of revenue, the majority in the House of Commons pledged themselves to vote for some _substituted_ tax, if, upon experiment, any substitute should be needed.--(_Hansard_, vol. xlix.)