Roma are the largest of the 17 national minority groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), with the existence of Romani people recorded in Bosnia for over 600 years. Yet, there continues to be a stigma attached to this minority group, which has translated into mistreatment and poor living conditions throughout the country (Minority Rights, Roma, 2015). This can be compared to Romani within the UK. Although the number of Roma is smaller in the UK than in Bosnia, mistreatment and stigma is still persistent. There are multiple charities within both Bosnia and the UK working to improve and protect the rights of Roma people and attempting to change the negative perception of the minority group among other citizens. The exact number of Roma in Bosnia and Herzegovina is uncertain. Due to the stigma attached to the label, many members of this community refuse to identify as Roma on official surveys and censuses, and therefore, their number is consistently underestimated. The 2013 consensus recorded 12,583 Bosnian residents who declared themselves as Roma (Bosnia and Herzegovina Consensus, 2013), while July 2012 estimates from the Council of Europe counted a minimum of 40,000 and a maximum of 76,000 Roma in BiH. This equates to only 1.54% of the total population, meaning that Bosnia and Herzegovina has the lowest percentage of Roma of any Western Balkan population (Council of Europe, Roma Estimates in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2012). Significant Roma communities in BiH are living in Brčko, Bijeljina, Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Mostar, Tuzla, Kakanj, Prijedor, Zenica, and Teslić (Institution of Human Rights Ombudsman of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Special Report on the Status of Roma in Bosnia and Herzegovina). During the war in Bosnia from 1992-1995, the Roma community suffered mistreatment by all parties to the conflict. With over 30,000 Bosnian Roma expelled from their homes in the course of ethnic cleansing and subjected to inhumane conditions, entire communities were destroyed. Today, many Roma in BiH still live in informal settlements, without access to water or electricity. Most Roma either work in the informal economy or have no means of sustenance. The percentage of Roma who are employed is extremely low, with less than 1% in the Federation of BiH and Brčko District, and less than 3% in the Republika Srpska (RS). Furthermore, a lack of access to education and a struggling skillset adds to problems of discrimination in the labor market. Many Roma people still face obstacles to receiving an education, both in terms of enrolment and completion of primary studies. Only 69% of Roma children in the country complete their primary education, as compared to 98% of the rest of the population in Bosnia (UNICEF, Roma Children). Roma fall under the category of ‘Others’ in the legal framework of Bosnia and Herzegovina and as such, are discriminated against by law and cannot hold certain public offices (Minority Rights, Roma, 2015). Access to healthcare services also remains difficult for a large proportion of the Roma population in BiH due to administrative and bureaucratic complications. Lack of school attendance and registration of unemployment leaves many Roma citizens without health insurance coverage. Roma associations estimate that only between 60-70% of the Roma population in BiH have access to health care (Institution of Human Rights Ombudsman of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Special Report on the Status of Roma in Bosnia and Herzegovina). UNICEF reported that 69 per cent of Roma families earn below 200 Bosnian marks (102 euros) per month, whereas the national average monthly income is 700 Bosnian marks (Hoi Mun Yee, Bosnia’s Roma Try to Break Out of Isolation, 2017). The overarching consequence of this is that Roma intergenerational poverty in BiH is extremely high. Roma households lack the funding, skills and education necessary to put children through primary school, which leads to a consistent never-ending cycle of poverty within the Roma population. Roma children have therefore become the most at-risk group in Bosnia, and discrimination against Roma children has become a barrier across all fronts of society. The OSCE Mission in BiH has worked continuously since 1996 to improve the lives of Roma people. An important early step was the development and adoption in 2005 of the BiH Strategy for addressing issues facing Roma. BiH authorities subsequently developed and adopted the Roma Action Plan, which covers the areas of housing, healthcare, employment, and in particular, education. Since BiH joined the Roma Decade Initiative in 2008, approximately 1.5 million euros have been budgeted every year in the BiH Budget for the implementation of the Roma Action Plan.