2. SOME SUBSTITUTES FOR ARTICLES CALLED FOR BY RECEIPTS
_For milk._--Water, or milk and water, may be used in either cake or bread when receipts say milk with little variation in result except that bread and cake thus made dry more quickly.
Sour milk may be used in mixtures which require sweet if just enough soda is put into it to make it sweet, and the baking powder is measured grudgingly.
Sweet milk may be used when a receipt calls for sour if lemon juice is stirred into it until the milk thickens.
_For celery in salad._--Use tender cabbage and celery seed. Or use endive.
_For chicken._--Excellent substitutes for chicken croquettes and chicken salad can be made of veal or of young pork.
_For cream._--Use milk and double the quantity of butter.
_For butter._--In cake, use half butter, half lard and a pinch of salt.
In cookies, one may risk using three-quarters lard, if the lard is very good and the available butter very poor. In less delicate cookery lard, sweet drippings or chicken oil may be used. Before using any of these substitutes salt them a little.
_Fruit and wine stains._--If fruit juice or wine is spilled at table, cover the spot with salt. The salt lessens the stain, saves the appearance of the table, and diverts attention from the culprit who did the spilling.
Boiling water poured through fruit or wine stains will usually remove them entirely. If it does not, try a weak solution of oxalic acid.
_Coffee and tea._--Pour boiling water through the stains until they disappear.
_Ink and iron rust._--Cover a spot of either ink or iron rust with salt wet with lemon juice and lay it in the sun. Repeat until the spot disappears.
Or, use salts of lemon and sunshine in the same way.
Or, if the material stained is white linen or cotton try chlorinated soda.
Sometimes ripe tomato will remove ink stains.
Sometimes soaking them in milk will take them out.
Often an ink-eradicator such as is sold to remove writing from paper will take ink spots out of white material.
_Paint._--Turpentine will remove paint from fabrics, also from glass or iron.
_Mildew and grass stains._--Try lemon, salt and sun applied as for iron rust.
If the material stained is white, try boiling it in buttermilk.
Or rub them with molasses and then thoroughly wash the fabric.