Though India opened up vaccination for all adults (those above 18 years) from 01 May 2021, the availability of vaccines is limited. Many states have not even begun administering vaccines to the 18-44 age group. But how did countries like the US & UK ensure there are enough vaccine doses for their entire population? Where did India go wrong? Here is a detailed review. India is currently battling the second wave of COVID-19 with a record number of cases and deaths being reported each day. Globally, India now accounts for nearly one in every two cases reported in the past week and one in four deaths, according to WHO. The country’s tally of infections has crossed 2.1 crore cases (21 million). Around 2.3 lakh deaths due to the coronavirus infection have been reported, still, a low ‘Case Fatality Rate’ (CFR) compared to other countries. Meanwhile, more than 180 countries around the world have started administering the COVID-19 vaccines, which is critical to fighting the pandemic. Vaccination is expected to help reduce the spread of the virus and bringing in herd immunity. Though vaccines may not completely prevent the infection, they can help in reducing the severity of the infection, and thereby reducing the burden on the health infrastructure, which is currently overwhelmed in many parts of India. Vaccination would also reduce mortality to a great extent. The vaccination could also help in reducing opportunities for the virus to mutate resulting in new variants. Huge gap in vaccine administration across countries Due to the limited availability of vaccines, most countries have come up with a vaccine strategy that prioritizes the vulnerable population such as the elderly and those with co-morbidities, and the frontline as well as healthcare workers. There is a stark gap between vaccination programs in different countries. According to the data compiled by the Our World in Data project at the University of Oxford, more than 1.19 billion vaccine doses have been administered as of 05 May 2021, which amounts to 16 doses for every 100 population. However, this is not uniform across countries. For instance, the US has administered 247.7 million vaccine doses as of 04 May 2021 whereas Zimbabwe had administered less than 0.56 million shots. The entire African continent had administered only 19.1 million doses as on the same day. India, as of 06 May 2021, has given 161.4 million doses. The COVID-19 Vaccine Intelligence Network (Co-WIN) digital platform was launched in December 2020 for recording vaccine data on a real-time basis in India. India began vaccine administration in phases starting January 2021 According to the Union Health Ministry, India’s National Covid-19 Vaccination Strategy was formulated based on scientific and epidemiological evidence and focuses on systematic end-to-end planning with guidance from Global Best Practices, SoPs of WHO and recommendations of experts in the National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for Covid-19 (NEGVAC). India began the administration of COVID-19 vaccines on 16 January 2021 in phases. The first phase focused on healthcare workers, and frontline workers like police, military, and sanitization staff, and those aged above 50 years. Persons with co-morbidities below 50 years of age were also included. All adults in India are now eligible for the vaccine The Phase-II of the vaccination drive was rolled out from 01 March 2021 and 01 April 2021 and focused on vaccinating the most vulnerable population (those aged more than 45 years). The population in this age group accounted for more than 80% of COVID-19 mortality in the country. Phase-III was rolled out from 01 May 2021 making those aged 18 years and above eligible for vaccination through the ‘Liberalised Pricing and Accelerated National Covid-19 Vaccination Strategy’. The pricing, procurement, and administration of vaccines have been made more flexible, at least on paper. 50% of vaccines produced in India will be procured by the Centre As per the latest policy, Vaccine manufacturers in India will have to sell 50% of their produce to the Centre (GoI share) and the rest 50% (other than GoI share) may be sold to State Governments, private hospitals, and industrial establishments. Private hospitals will have to procure their supplies of the vaccine exclusively from the 50% supply earmarked for the other than GoI share. The price charged for the vaccination by private hospitals would be monitored as per the strategy. However, the policy does not stipulate any maximum price for the vaccination by the private hospitals.