The Javans have names in their language for most of the handicrafts. The following enumeration of terms applied to trades and professions will shew the extent to which the division of labour is sometimes carried, while the foreign extraction of some of them may, perhaps, serve to point out the source whence they were derived.
1. _Pándi_ or _émpu_ Iron-smith and cutler. 2. _Túkang-káyu_, or _mergóngso_ Carpenter. 3. _Meráng'gi_ or _túkang-weróngko_ Kris-sheath maker. 4. _Túkang úkir_ Carver. 5. ---- _déder_ Spear-shaft maker. 6. ---- _lámpet_ Mat maker. 7. ---- _bábot_ Turner. 8. ---- _bóto_ Brush maker. 9. ---- _wátú_ or _jelog'ro_ Stone-cutter. 10. ---- _lábur_ Lime maker. 11. ---- _nátah wáyang_ Wayang maker. 12. ---- _génding_ Musical instrument maker. 13. ---- _kemíng'an_ Brazier. 14. _Sayáng_, or _túkung-tambógo_ Coppersmith. 15. _Kemásan_, or _tukáng-mas_ Goldsmith. 16. _Kúndi_ Potter. 17. _Túkang árá_ Distiller. 18. ---- _jílid_ Bookbinder. 19. ---- _ténun_ Weaver. 20. ---- _bátik_ Cotton printer. 21. ---- _médal_ Dyer. 22. _Túkang léng'o_ Oil maker. 23. ---- _nióro-wédi_ Diamond cutter. 24. ---- _delúwang_ Paper manufacturer. 25. ---- _pándom or gírji_ Tailor. 26. ---- _súlam_ Embroiderer. 27. ---- _jáit_ Sempstress. 28. ---- _súng'ging_ Draftsman. 29. ---- _chát_ Painter. 30. ---- _pásah_ Tooth filer.
I shall proceed to describe a few of the manufactures of the island, without attending much to the order in which it might be proper to arrange them. The construction of a habitation is among the first and most necessary arts of uncivilized man, as the perfection of architecture is one of the most convincing proofs and striking illustrations of a high state of refinement. I have already described the hut of the peasant, and have mentioned that it is generally constructed of wood. Such structures suit the climate of the country, and save the labour of the people; but they are not rendered necessary by an ignorance of more durable materials.
Bricks are manufactured in almost every part of the island, being generally employed in the better sort of buildings, not only by Europeans and Chinese, but by the natives of rank. The quality of the clay varies greatly in different districts. It is all obtained from the decomposition of the basaltic stones, and possesses different degrees of purity, according to the proportion and nature of the other earths which are adventitiously mixed with it. In some parts of the island it is very pure, and might be advantageously employed in the manufacture of porcelain; but the natives are unacquainted with the principles of this art: some instruction in the glazing of their pottery would be of very general benefit. They are unacquainted with the process of making glass.