Liman () is an urban neighborhood of the city of Novi Sad, Serbia. It is located to the south of the city centre, along the Danube river, covering an area of 3.98 km2. It is a relatively new part of the city, built between 1960s and 1990s on what previously were marshes. It is divided into four parts, numbered by Roman numerals: Liman I (with University campus), II, III and IV, which match the chronology of its development.
Location
Borders
The northern border of Liman is Bulevar Cara Lazara (Tsar Lazar Boulevard), the western borders are Ulica Ribarsko ostrvo (Ribarsko ostrvo Street) and Ulica Sima Matavulja (Simo Matavulj Street), while the southern and eastern border is Danube river (i.e. Sunčani kej - "The Sunny Quay").
The neighbouring neighbourhoods are: Telep in the west, Adamovićevo Naselje, Grbavica and Stari Grad in the north, and Ribarsko ostrvo (not a settlement, but tourist destination) in the south. In the south-east of the settlement is river Danube.
Parts of the neighborhood
Liman consists of four parts: Liman I with University campus, between the Sunny Quay and Fruškogorska Street; Liman II, between Fruškogorska Street and Liberation Boulevard; Liman III, between Liberation Boulevard and Balzakova Street; and Liman IV, between Balzakova Street in the east and Ribarsko ostrvo Street and Simo Matavulj Street in the west. Depresija, between Iva Andrića Street in the east and Sima Matavulja in the west. Depression originated as a temporary worker's neighborhood and is often considered part of Liman IV. This location was intended for the creation of Liman V, but that project never started,
History
Name Origin
The origin of the word Liman comes from Ancient Greek (λιμένας), which means bay or harbour. With the expansion of the Ottoman Empire to the western and northern shores of the Black Sea, the word spread by the Turks to eventually enter the Bulgarian, Romanian, Ukrainian, Russian and Serbian language vocabularies. The word Liman denotes places in the river flow with a peaceful flow, where the water appears to be standing, usually formed where gravel has been extracted, or places where the river maelstrom follows the bottom of the river bed. In Serbian areas, the word denoted lakes and ponds, with sandbanks, formed in the bays of the Danube.
Little and Great Limans
In the past of Novi Sad there were "Mali" (Little) and "Veliki" (Great) Liman. Little Liman was in the area of today’s city centre (Stari Grad), and until the early 1930s there were ponds, sandy beds, water plants, willow trees and meadows. This Liman covered today's Danube Park and the area along the Danube to the former railway embankment, under which were the underpasses as a transport link to the Great Liman. The premises of Little Liman were framed by the Danube, Dunavska Street, Zmaj Jovina Street, Kralja Aleksandra Street and the railway embankment (today’s Tsar Lazar Boulevard). The name Little Liman was lost in time, when the terrain was fully built and thus the central core of the city was connected to the Danube.
According to the data from 1764, the terrain on which the territory of today's Liman is located was part of Great Liman. It started from the Futog forests and extended all the way to the streets of Aleksa Santić, Lasla Gala and the railway (on present-day Grbavica and Stari Grad). It extended all the way to Narodnih heroja Street at Mihajla Pupina Boulevard. According to 19th century records, in front of the Catholic Cemetery (in present-day Grbavica) was the town promenade "Šištat".
First Novi Sad railway station
The construction of the Budapest-Subotica-Novi Sad-Zemun-Belgrade railway began in 1881, and a railway embankment was erected on one part of the Greater Liman, with stretching across the entire length of today's Tzar Lazar Boulevard. The railroad crossed through the then existing bridge built at that time and was passing through a tunnel under the Fortress. Defensive levees towards the Danube were built at that time. The building of the railway station, erected in 1882, was built on the present premises of Grbavica, between Vere Pavlović Street, Pushkin Street and the Boulevard Tsar Lazar Boulevard.
With the dismantling of the southern city railway connections (moving the railway station from Liman to Jaše Tomića Boulevard in Salajka and Podbara neighborhoods) that started in 1964, the old railways station building was demolished. Today's post office in Grbavica next to the Liman green market is the last remnant of the former station.