Arnob. 3. 40, quoting one Caesius, who followed Etruscan teaching, and held that Ceres = Genius Iovialis et Pales. See Preller-Jordan, i. 81.
Preller-Jordan, i. 62. They were not even certain whether the Genius Urbis was masculine or feminine; Serv. _Aen._ 2. 351.
Henzen, _Acta Fr. Arv._ p. 48. In later times Ceres took the place of Mars at the Ambarvalia, under Greek influence.
So Henzen, l. c. and his Introduction, p. ix.
_Myth. Lex_, s.v. Ceres, 861. He does not, however, dogmatize, and has little to adduce in favour of his opinion, save the statement of Servius (Georg. 1. 7) that ‘Sabini Cererem Panem appellant.’
Aust, _de Aedibus_, pp. 5 and 40. Preller-Jordan, ii. 38.
Birt (_Myth. Lex._ 862) gives the authorities.
The _trias_ of itself would prove the Greek origin: cf. Kuhfeldt, _de Capitoliis_, p. 77 foll.
Plin. _H. N._ 35. 154. The names of two Greek artists were inscribed on the temple.
Mommsen, _Staatsrecht_, ii. 2, 468, note.
Dion. Hal. 6. 89; 10. 42; Liv. 3. 55 says _sacer Iovi_, but the property was to be sold at the temple of Ceres, Liber, and Libera. The corn-stealer also was _sacer Cereri_.
Mommsen, _Hist_. i. 284, note. Cp. Schwegler, _Röm. Gesch._ ii. 275, note 3, who thinks of an _aerarium plebis_ there. See also i. 606 and ii. 278, note 3. According to Liv. 3. 55 senatus consulta had to be deposited in this temple.
Burn, _Rome and the Campagna_, p. 204; Liv. 3. 31 and 32 fin.; cp. 10. 31.
Mommsen, _Staatsrecht_, ii. 2. 468, note 2, is doubtful as to the date of the _cura annonae_ of the plebeian aediles. But Plin. _H. N._ 18. 3. 15 attributes it to an aedile of earlier date than Spurius Maelius (B.C. 438); and though the Consuls may have had the general supervision, the immediate _cura_, as far as the plebs was concerned, would surely lie with their officers. Two points should be borne in mind here—(1) that the plebeian population to be relieved would be a surplus population _within the city_, not the farmer-population of the country; (2) that it would probably be easier to transport corn by sea than by land, as roads were few, and enemies all around.
Dion. Hal. 7.1, exposes the absurdity of Roman annalists in attributing the corn-supply to Dionysius; but he himself talks of Gelo. Cp. Ihne, i. 160. Ihne disbelieves the whole story, believing it to be copied from events which happened long afterwards.