[51] See Clemente Cardinati: _Diplomi imperiali di privilegi_. Velletri, 1835.--Joseph Arneth: _Zwölf römische Militärdiplome_, Wien, 1843.--Mommsen: _Bullettino dell' Instituto_, 1845, p. 119; _Annali dell' Instituto_, 1858, p. 198; _Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum_, vol. iii. part ii. p. 843.--Léon Rénier: _Récueil des diplomes militaires_, première livraison, Paris, 1876.
[52] _Die Flotte einer ägyptischen Königin aus dem siebzehnten Jahrhundert_.
[53] See Flavius Josephus, _Ant. Ind._, xviii. 4.
[54] See Morel: _Révue Archéologique_, 1868.--De Rossi: _Bullettino di archeologia cristiana_, 1868.
[55] See Parker's _Forum Romanum_, London, 1876, plates xxiii. and xxiv.
[56] It has since been published by Middleton himself in his _Remains of Ancient Rome_, vol. i. p. 275, fig. 35, from a heliogravure of the original.
[58] See Dressel: _Bullettino dell' Instituto_, 1881, p. 38.--Lanciani: _Bullettino Comunale_, 1881, p. 4.--Visconti: _Un simulacro di Semo Sancus_, Roma, 1881.--Preller: _Römische Mythologie_, p. 637.
The large number of churches in Rome.--The six classes of the earliest of these.--I. Private oratories.--The houses of Pudens and Prisca.--The evolution of the church from the private house.--II. Scholæ.--The memorial services and banquets of the pagans.--Two extant specimens of early Christian scholæ.--That in the Cemetery of Callixtus.--III. Oratories and churches built over the tombs of martyrs and confessors.--How they came to be built.--These the originals of the greatest sanctuaries of modern Rome.--S. Peter's.--The origin of the church.--The question of S. Peter's residence and execution in Rome.--The place of his execution and burial.--The remarkable discovery of graves under the _baldacchino_ of Urban VIII.--The basilica erected by Constantine.--Some of its monuments.--The chair and statue of S. Peter.--The destruction of the old basilica and the building of the new.--The vast dimensions of the latter.--Is S. Peter's body really still under the church?--The basilica of S. Paul's outside the walls.--The obstacles to its construction.--The fortified settlement of Johannipolis which grew up around it.--The grave of S. Paul.--IV. Houses of confessors and martyrs.--The discoveries of padre Germano on the Cælian.--The house of the martyrs John and Paul.--V. Pagan monuments converted into churches.--Every pagan building capable of holding a congregation was thus transformed at one time or another.--Examples of these in and near the Coliseum.--VI. Memorials of historical events.--The chapel erected to commemorate the victory of Constantine over Maxentius.--That of Santa Croce a Monte Mario.