Let $X_1$, $X_2$, $...$ be a sequence of independently and identically distributed random variables with $\mathsf{ E}X_1=0$, and let $S_0=0$ and $S_t=S_{ t-1}+X_t$, $t=1,2,...$, be a random walk. Denote $\tau={ cases}\inf\{ t>1: S_t\leq0\}, &\text{ if} \ X_1>0, 1, &\text{ otherwise}. { cases}$ Let $\alpha$ denote a positive number, and let $L_\alpha$ denote the number of level-crossings from the below (or above) across the level $\alpha$ during the interval $[0, \tau]$. Under quite general assumption, an inequality for the expected number of level-crossings is established. Under some special assumptions, it is proved that there exists an infinitely increasing sequence $\alpha_n$ such that the equality $\mathsf{ E}L_{ \alpha_n}=c\mathsf{ P}\{ X_1>0\}$ is satisfied, where $c$ is a specified constant that does not depend on $n$. The result is illustrated for a number of special random walks. We also give non-trivial examples from queuing theory where the results of this theory are applied.
Categories: math.PR