It commenced with the domestication of animals in the Eastern hemisphere, and in the Western with cultivation by irrigation and with the use of adobe-brick and stone in architecture, as shown. Its termination may be fixed with the invention of the process of smelting iron ore. This places in the Middle Status, for example, the Village Indians of New Mexico, Mexico, Central America and Peru, and such tribes in the Eastern hemisphere as possessed domestic animals, but were without a knowledge of iron. The ancient Britons, although familiar with the use of iron, fairly belong in this connection. The vicinity of more advanced continental tribes had advanced the arts of life among them far beyond the state of development of their domestic institutions.
It commenced with the manufacture of iron, and ended with the invention of a phonetic alphabet, and the use of writing in literary composition. Here civilization begins. This leaves in the Upper Status, for example, the Grecian tribes of the Homeric age, the Italian tribes shortly before the founding of Rome, and the Germanic tribes of the time of Cæsar.
It commenced, as stated, with the use of a phonetic alphabet and the production of literary records, and divides into _Ancient_ and _Modern_. As an equivalent, hieroglyphical writing upon stone may be admitted.
I. _Older Period of Savagery_, I. _Lower Status of Savagery_,
II. _Middle Period of Savagery_, II. _Middle Status of Savagery_,
III. _Later Period of Savagery_, III. _Upper Status of Savagery_,
IV. _Older Period of Barbarism_, IV. _Lower Status of Barbarism_,
V. _Middle Period of Barbarism_, V. _Middle Status of Barbarism_,
VI. _Later Period of Barbarism_, VI. _Upper Status of Barbarism_,
I. _Lower Status of Savagery, From the Infancy of the Human Race to the commencement of the next Period._
II. _Middle Status of Savagery, From the acquisition of a fish subsistence and a knowledge of the use of fire, to etc._
III. _Upper Status of Savagery, From the Invention of the Bow and Arrow, to etc._
IV. _Lower Status of Barbarism, From the Invention of the Art of Pottery, to etc._
V. _Middle Status of Barbarism, From the Domestication of animals on the Eastern hemisphere, and in the Western from the cultivation of maize and plants by Irrigation, with the use of adobe-brick and stone, to etc._