The Eastern Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1980 Davis Cup.
10 teams entered the Eastern Zone, with 6 teams competing in the preliminary round to join the previous year's semifinalists in the main draw. Japan and India received byes into the quarterfinals, while Australia and New Zealand received byes into the semifinals. The winner of the main draw went on to compete in the Inter-Zonal Zone against the winners of the Americas Zone and Europe Zone.
Australia defeated New Zealand in the final and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.