The local relations of nouns are expressed by affixed particles, such as _ke_, _ne_, _kon_, _akon_, _akta._ Thus, from _onónta_ mountain, we have _onontáke_, at (or to) the mountain; from _akéhrat_, dish, _akehrátne_, in (or on) the dish; from _kanónsa_, house, _kanonsákon_, or _kanónskon_, in the house, _kanonsókon_, under the house, and _kanonsákta_, near the house. These locative particles, it will be seen, usually, though not always, draw the accent towards them.

The most peculiar and perplexing variation is that made by what is termed the "crement," affixed to many (though not all) nouns. This crement in the Canienga takes various forms, _ta, sera, tsera, kwa._ _Onkwe_, man, becomes _onkwéta_; _otkon_, spirit, _otkónsera_; _akáwe_, oar, _akawétsera_; _ahta_, shoe, _ahhtákwa_. The crement is employed when the noun is used with numeral adjectives, when it has adjective or other affixes, and generally when it enters into composition with other words. Thus _onkwe_, man, combined with the adjective termination _iyo_ (from the obsolete _wiyo_, good) becomes _onkwetiyo_, good man. _Wenni_, day, becomes in the plural _niate_ _niwenniserake_, many days, etc. The change, however, is not grammatical merely, but conveys a peculiar shade of meaning difficult to define. The noun, according to M. Cuoq, passes from a general and determinate to a special and restricted sense. _Onkwe_ means man in general; _asen nionkwetake_, three men (in particular.) One interpreter rendered _akawétsera_, "the oar itself." The affix _sera_ or _tsera_ seems to be employed to form what we should term abstract nouns, though to the Iroquois mind they apparently present themselves as possessing a restricted or specialized sense. Thus from _iotarihen_, it is warm, we have _otarihénsera_, heat; from _wakeriat_, to be brave, _ateriatitsera_, courage. So _kakweniátsera_, authority; _kanaiésera_, pride; _kanakwénsera_, anger. Words of this class abound in the Iroquois; so little ground is there for the common opinion that the language is destitute of abstract nouns. [Footnote: See, on this point, the remarks of Dr Brinton to the same effect, in regard to the Aztec, Qquichua, and other languages, with interesting illustrations, in his _"American Hero Myths"_, p. 25]

The Iroquois Book of Rites — Part 58