_Chronological Table of Leading Events_. 651
_The Author_ _Frontispiece_ _Taal Volcano_ _Facing_ 16 _Mavon Volcano_ 16 _Effect of the Hurricane of September 26, 1905_ 23 _A Negrito Family_ 120 _An Igorrote Type (Luzon)_ 128 _A Pagan Type (Mindanao)_ 128 _A Tagálog Girl_ 128 _Moro Weapons_ 132 _A Scene in the Moro Country_ 148 _Zamboanga Fortress ("Fuerza del Pilar")_ 148 _A Visayan Girl_ 164 _A Tagálog Girl_ 164 _A Visayan Planter_ 172 _A Chinese Half-caste_ 172 _A Tagálog Milkwoman_ 182 _A Tagálog Townsman_ 182 _Middle-class Tagálog Natives_ 196 _A Spanish-Mexican Galleon_ 244 _A Canoe_ 244 _A Casco (Sailing-barge)_ 244 _A Prahu (Sailing-canoe)_ 244 _A Sugar-estate House, Southern Philippines_ 275 _Shipping Hemp in the Provinces_ 288 _Botanical Specimen_ 321 _Botanical Specimen_ 322 _Botanical Specimen_ _Facing_ 323 _Botanical Specimen_ 324 _The Old Walls of Manila City_ 344 _La Escolta_ in the Business Quarter of Manila 347 _A Riverside Washing-scene_ 359 _Dr. José Rizal_ 381 _Don Felipe Agoncillo_ 381 _General Emilio Aguinaldo_ 396 _Don Pedro a Paterno_ 396 _Admiral Patricio Montojo_ 430 _Admiral George Dewey_ 430 _General Basilio Augusti_ 430 _Maj.-General Wesley Merritt_ 430 _Archbishop Bernardino Nozaleda_ 430 _Tagálog Bowie-knives and Weapons_ 485 _A Pandita (Mahometan Priest)_ 534 _Rajahmudah Datto Mandi and Wife_ 534 _Santa Cruz Church (Manila Suburb)_ 559 _Panglima Hassan (of Sulu)_ 584 _A Mindanao Datto and Suite_ 584 _The Rt. Rev. Bishop Gregorio Aglípay_ 604 _A Roadside Scene in Bulacan Province_ 627
_The Province of Cavite_ 371 _Map of the Archipelago_ _at the end_
"Nothing extenuate, Nor set down aught in malice." _Othello_, Act V., Sc. 2.
During the three centuries and a quarter of more or less effective Spanish dominion, this Archipelago never ranked above the most primitive of colonial possessions.
That powerful nation which in centuries gone by was built up by Iberians, Celts, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Visigoths, Romans, and Arabs was in its zenith of glory when the conquering spirit and dauntless energy of its people led them to gallant enterprises of discovery which astonished the civilized world. Whatever may have been the incentive which impelled the Spanish monarchs to encourage the conquest of these Islands, there can, at least, be no doubt as to the earnestness of the individuals entrusted to carry out the royal will. The nerve and muscle of chivalrous Spain ploughing through a wide unknown ocean in quest of glory and adventure, the unswerving devotion of the ecclesiastics to the cause of Catholic supremacy, each bearing intense privations, cannot fail to excite the wonder of succeeding generations. But they were satisfied with conquering and leaving unimproved their conquests, for whilst only a small fraction of this Archipelago was subdued, millions of dollars and hundreds of lives were expended in futile attempts at conquest in Gamboge, Siam, Pegu, Moluccas, Borneo, Japan, etc.--and for all these toils there came no reward, not even the sterile laurels of victory. The Manila seat of government had not been founded five years when the Governor-General solicited royal permission to conquer China!