Arab scientists and scholars from the Muslim World, including Al-Andalus (Spain), who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age, include the following. The list consists primarily of scholars during the Middle Ages.
Both the Arabic and Latin names are given. The following Arabic naming articles are not used for indexing:
Al - the
Ibn, bin, banu - son of
abu, abi - father of, the one with
A
Ali (601, Mecca – 661, Kufa ), Arabic grammarian, rhetoric, theologian, exegesis and mystic Aisha (613, Mecca – 678, Medina), Islamic scholar, hadith narrator, her intellect and knowledge in various subjects, including poetry and medicine. Abbas Ibn Firnas, astronomer, mathematician, physicist, inventor Aisha al-Bauniyya (1402–1475), an Arab woman Sufi master and poet Avempace (1085, Zaragoza – 1138, Fez), philosopher, astronomer, physician Ammar al-Mawsili (10th century, b. Mosul), ophthalmologist and physician Ali al-Uraidhi (7th century, b. Medina), Muslim scholar Ali ibn Isa al-Kahhal (fl. 1010), physician and ophthalmologist Ali al-Hadi (829, Medina – 868, Samarra), Islamic scholar Ali ibn al-Madini (778, Basra – 849, Samarra), Islamic scholar and traditionalist Ali ibn Ridwan (988, Giza – 1061, Baghdad), astronomer and geometer with Khalid Ben Abdulmelik Ali al-Ridha (765, Medina – 818, Tus), Islamic scholar and theologian Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780, Baghdad – 855, Baghdad), theologian, ascetic, and hadith traditionist Ahmad al-Muhajir (873, Basra – 956, Al-Husaisa), scholar and teacher Ahmad ibn Yusuf (835, Baghdad – 912, Cairo), mathematician Ahmad ibn Abi Bakr al-Zuhri (767, Medina – 856), Maliki jurist Apollodorus of Damascus (50, Damascus – 130), architect, engineer, and designer Abd al-Salam ibn Mashish al-Alami (1140, Jabal Alam – 1227, Jabal Alam), religious scholar of Sufism Abdullah ibn Umar (610, Mecca – 693, Mecca), Islamic scholar and hadith narrator Abd Allah al-Qaysi (d. 885, b. Spain), Muslim jurist and theologian Abd-Allah ibn Ibadh (d. 708, b. Basra), hadith narrator and theologian Abd al-Hamid al-Katib (d. 756), founder of Arabic prose Ibn Abbas (619, Mecca – 687, Ta'if), jurist and theologian Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad (1634, Tarim – 1720, Tarim), Sufi saint and jurist Abd al-Ghani al-Maqdisi (1146, Jamma'in – 1203), Islamic scholar and a prominent hadith master Abd al-Aziz Yemeni Tamimi (816, Yemen – 944, Yemen), Sufi saint and scholar Abu al-Fazal Yemeni Tamimi (842, Hejaz – 1034, Baghdad), Sufi saint and mystic Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali (603–689, Basra), grammarian Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (874, Basra – 936, Baghdad), philosopher, Shafi'i scholar and theologian Abu Jafar al-Ghafiqi (d. 1165), an Arab botanist, pharmacologist, physician and scholar Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi (1076, Seville – 1148), Islamic scholar and judge of Maliki law Abū Kāmil Shujāʿ ibn Aslam (850–930), mathematician Abu 'Amr ibn al-'Ala' (689, Mecca – 770, Kufa) linguists and grammarian Abu Bakr al-Aydarus (1447, Tarim – 1508, Aden), religious scholar of Sufism Abu Ishaq Ibrahim al-Zarqali (1029–1100), was an Arab maker of astronomical instruments and an astrologer Al-Ashraf Umar II (1242, Yemen – 1296, Yemen), astronomer and ruler of Yemen Al-Akhfash al-Akbar (d. 793, b. Basra), Arab grammarian Al-Awza'i (707, Baalbek – 774, Beirut), jurist and theologian Al-Asma'i (739, Basra – 831, Basra), pioneer of zoology, botany and animal husbandry Ibn Abi Asim (821, Basra – 900, Isfahan), scholar, famous or his work in the hadith science Ibn al-'Awwam (12th century, b. Seville), agriculturist and botanist Ibn al-Adim (1192, Aleppo – 1262, Egypt), biographer and historian Ibn al-A'lam (d. 985, Baghdad), astronomer and astrologer Ibn al-Athir (1160, Cizre – 1233, Mosul), historian and biographer Ibn al-Abbar (1199, Valencia – 1260, Tunis), historian, poet, diplomat, theologian and scholar Ibn al-Akfani (1286, Sinjar – 1348, Cairo), Arab encyclopedist and physician Ibn 'Adlan (1187, Mosul – 1268, Cairo), cryptographer and poet Ibn Arabi (1165, Murcia – 1240, Damascus), Islamic scholar and philosopher Ibn Arabshah (1389, Damascus – 1450, Egypt), writer and traveller