=Colleges=, established in Spain by the law of Avila, =4=, 229.
=Colleges, Rabbinical=, at Metz, =5=, 597-8, 700. at Padua, =5=, 624, 700. at Breslau, =5=, 699-700. at various places, =5=, 700.
=Colleges, Talmudical=, at Narbonne, =3=, 143, 242, 392. in western countries founded by emissaries from Sora, =3=, 208. at Cordova, =3=, 209, 228. in Egypt and the Fatimide Caliphate, =3=, 210. at Kairuan, =3=, 210-11, 248. in Spain, =3=, 236. at Mayence, =3=, 243, 247. at Lucena, =3=, 322. at Toledo, =3=, 338, 362. in Spain, closed, =3=, 361, 384. at Dampierre, =3=, 403. at London, =3=, 409. at Bagdad, =3=, 429, 633. in France, closed, =4=, 48. at Paris, =4=, 133. at Alcala, =4=, 145. at Padua, =4=, 410. in Poland, =4=, 420, 634, 639. at Cremona, =4=, 582. at Prague, =5=, 249. the decay of, =5=, 566-7, 569. _See also under_ Academies; Schools.
=Collegium Germanicum=, propagandist seminary, =4=, 654.
=Collier, Thomas=, refutes anti-Jewish charges, =5=, 46.
“=Colloquium Middelburgense=,” controversial work, =4=, 691.
=Colmar=, the Jews of, banished, =4=, 416.
=Cologna, Abraham Vita di= (1755-1832), deputy to the Assembly of Jewish Notables, =5=, 488, 490. second vice-president of the Synhedrion, =5=, 495. member of the French consistory, =5=, 502. conservative, =5=, 559.
=Cologne=, fair of, visited by Jews, =3=, 243. university of, and the confiscation of Hebrew books, =4=, 437, 441. theologians of, sanction the burning of the “Augenspiegel,” =4=, 452.
=Cologne, the Dominicans of.= _See_ Dominicans, the, of Cologne.
=Cologne, the Jews of=, privileges of, abolished by Constantine, =2=, 563. settlement of, =3=, 41. protected during the first crusade, =3=, 304. massacred at Neus, =3=, 304-5. persecuted during the second crusade, =3=, 352. represented at the first rabbinical synod, =3=, 377. protected during the Black Death persecutions, =4=, 106, 108. banished, =4=, 227, 413.
=Columbus=, aided by Joseph Vecinho, =4=, 368.
=Comet=, a, orbit of, calculated by Joshua ben Chananya, =2=, 349.
=Comino=, the isle of, Abraham Abulafia on =4=, 8.
“=Commentary=,” Talmudical work by Rashi, =3=, 288.
=Commerce=, under Uzziah, =1=, 230. pursued by Alexandrian Judæans, =1=, 504. under the Herodians, =2=, 118. between Jews and Christians forbidden, =2=, 620; =4=, 203, 216. among the Jews of the Frankish and Burgundian kingdoms, =3=, 35. in the hands of Jews in the eighth century, =3=, 142-3. international, in the hands of Jews, =3=, 162. in the hands of the Jews under the Saxon emperors, =3=, 242-3. the, of southern France, carried on by Jews, =3=, 391. the, of Venice, in the fifteenth century, =4=, 285. of the Turkish Jews, =4=, 401. of the Jews in Poland, =4=, 419. capacity for, an argument for the admission of Jews into England, =5=, 40-1. the, of the Jews, described by Simone Luzzatto, =5=, 82-3. stagnation of, during the Sabbatian movement, =5=, 149. forbidden partly to the Jews of Alsace, =5=, 348. the, of Jews under the Napoleonic law, =5=, 524-5.