Abel de Lima Salazar (19 July 1889, Guimarães - 29 December 1946, Lisbon), was a Portuguese physician, lecturer, researcher, writer and painter who worked and lived in Porto. He was the son of Adolfo Barroso Pereira Salazar (Guimarães, 20 October 1858 – Porto, 1 January 1941) and wife Adelaide da Luz da Silva e Lima (– Porto, 3 October 1929).
Founded in 1975, the Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (in English Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute), a research center and biosciences school of the University of Porto, was named after him.
He was an anti-fascist and his painting with his social references anticipates the neo-realist movement in the Portuguese painting.