[366] After Canute's death, Godescalc returned to his native country and took up the cause of Christian mission effort among the heathen Wends. Adamus, _Gesta_, ii., cc. 64, 75.
[367] Snorre, _Saga of Saint Olaf_, c. 247.
[368] _Mon. Ger. Hist., Scriptores_, iv., 134; Adémar's _Chronicle_, ii., c. 41.
[369] Migne, _Patrologia Latina_, cxli., col. 122: sermon by Adémar. Migne considers the sermon of doubtful genuineness, possibly because he thought its delivery should go back to 998, when in reality 1028 seems to be the correct date.
[370] Lavisse, _Histoire de France_, II., ii., 162.
[371] Manitius, _Deutsche Geschichte_, 322-323.
[372] Manitius, _Deutsche Geschichte_, 360-361, 365, 389 ff.
[375] _Danmarks Riges Historie_, i., 409.
[376] Adamus, _Gesta_, ii., c. 54. Manitius (_Deutsche Geschichte_, 370) believes the cession was not made before 1035.
[377] Larson, _The King's Household, in England_, 140-142.
[383] Liebermann, _Gesetze der Angelsachsen_, i., 278 ff.
[385] _Ibid._, cc. 3, 4; _II. Canute_, c. 39.
[392] On this point the Norse sources furnish evidence everywhere. For the condition among the Scandinavians in Britain, see the account of the "Siege of Durham" published among the writings of Simeon of Durham (_Opera Omnia_, 215-220).
[396] For the text of these compilations (including the forged forest law) see Liebermann, _Gesetze der Angelsachsen_, i., 529-546, 612-626. The documents have been made the subject of a series of studies by F. Liebermann, the results of which are summed up in Pollock and Maitland, _History of English Law_, i., 100-101.
[397] Liebermann, _Gesetze der Angelsachsen_, i., 620.
[399] Liebermann, _Gesetze der Angelsachsen_, i., 642; _Leges Edwardi Confessoris_, c. 16.
[400] On this subject see Morris, _The Frankpledge System_, c. i.
[401] On this subject the most important work is Steenstrup's _Danelag_ (_Normannerne_, iv.); see especially pp. 75-76, 85-92, 175 ff.; also _Normannerne_, iii., 366-368.
[404] Larson, _The King's Household in England_, c. 7.
[405] _Danmarks Riges Historie_, i., 404-405.
[406] Snorre, _Saga of Saint Olaf_, c. 239.
To present an adequate discussion of the state of culture among Canute's subjects in the space of a single chapter would be impossible. So far as the western realm is concerned it would also be unnecessary, as the subject of Anglo-Saxon culture is an old study and discussions in English are readily accessible. This chapter will therefore be chiefly concerned with the civilisation of the Northern lands, and especially with the great transformations that came with the viking age and were becoming most evident toward its close.