103. Use the interrogation point after every direct question.
104. Use the exclamation point after every exclamatory sentence or expression.
105. Use the comma after each word of a series of words that all have the same grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence, unless conjunctions are used between all of those words.
Do not, however, precede the series by a comma.
Wrong: He lectures on, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays.
Right: He lectures on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays.
106. Use the comma to separate two adjectives modifying the same noun, but not if one modifies both the other adjective and the noun.
107. Use the comma to set off non-emphatic introductory words or phrases, and participial phrases.
After having done this, Cæsar crossed the Rubicon.
Cæsar crossed the Rubicon, thus taking a decisive step.
108. Use the comma to set off appositive expression (see §29, Note 1), or a geographical name that limits a preceding name.
He was told to see Dr. Morton, the principal of the school.
Muncy, Pennsylvania, is not spelled the same as Muncie, Indiana.
109. Use the comma to set off any sentence element that is placed out of its natural order.
110. Use the comma to set off slightly parenthetical remarks that are thrown into the sentence. If the break is very marked, use the dash or parenthesis.
That, if you will permit me to explain, cannot be done without permission from the police.
111. Use the comma to set off explanatory or non-restrictive clauses, but not to set off restrictive clauses. (See §§ 25 and 26.)
Mr. Gardner, who has been working in the bank, sang at the church.
But: The Mr. Gardner whom you know is his brother.
112. Use the comma to separate coördinate clauses that are united by a simple conjunction.
He can sing well, but he seldom will sing in public.
He doesn't wish to sing, and I do not like to urge him.
113. Use the comma to separate the members of a compound sentence when those members are short and closely connected in their thought.
John carried the suit-case, I the hat box, and William the umbrella.
114. Use the comma to separate dependent and conditional clauses introduced by such words as _if, when, though,_ unless the connection be close.
He did not stop, though I called repeatedly.
