The gateway of Trinity with its four towers, the two interior being the larger and furnished with staircases, reminds us that the ornamental gateway was the last architectural addition to the college quadrangle. The first ornamental archway was the great gate built for King's Hall in 1426.[235] It was copied in the turreted gateway of Queens' College, and afterwards in the old gateway of King's,[236] and in the present gateways of
[Illustration: THE GREAT COURT, TRINITY COLLEGE
The largest at either University or in Europe. We see the Great Gate in the picture on the right, facing us--the Chapel. To the left of the Chapel is seen King Edward's Gate, fourteenth century. The beautiful Fountain in the middle of the picture is in the Renaissance style, and was built by Nevile in 1602, and rebuilt in 1716.]
Christ's and S. John's, and even in that second gateway of King's Hall which is the present entrance gate of Trinity.[237] The only gateway in Cambridge which varies completely from these models is Alcock's at Jesus, which is much lighter in character. The xvi century gateways of Caius are "the first specimens of the revival of stone work."[238] The ornamental gateway is a distinctive feature of Cambridge college architecture. The room over the gate was used as a muniment room; in S. John's the chamber in the tower serves this purpose.
In 1557 Doctor John Keys (whose name was Latinised as Caius) built and incorporated with Gonville Hall a college for scientific research and medical studies--the illustrious society which has since been known as Gonville and Caius College.
Keys or Caius was one of the great physicians of the xvi century; physician to Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth, and President of the College of Physicians. He was a Yorkshireman by race but a native of Norwich, and had been Principal of Physwick hostel which was at that time attached to Gonville Hall. Italian universities had turned his mind from the study of divinity to that of medicine and he became a doctor in that faculty at Padua in 1541, two years after leaving Cambridge. At Padua he lived with one of the earliest anatomists--Vesalius; and he himself lectured for twenty years on anatomy to the surgeons in London, at the request of Henry VIII.[239] He was Master of the college of which he was co-founder, but regularly spent the emoluments on fresh buildings at Caius. He was not only a great naturalist, the first English anatomist, a great physician, and an eminent classic,[240] but also a distinguished antiquary, and to him we owe one of the most valuable histories of the university. He had withal "a perverse stomach to the professors of the gospel," and clung like Metcalfe of S. John's and Baker of King's to the old religion and the old ways of worship.[241] He is buried in the college chapel, and the simple words _Fui Caius_ are inscribed over him. The foundation-stone of Caius he had himself inscribed: _Johannes Caius posuit sapientiae_; "John Caius dedicated it to knowledge."