Elm (Mass., R. I., Conn., N. J., Pa., N. C., S. C., Ia., Wis.).
American Elm (Vt., Mass., R. I., N. Y., Del., Pa., N. C., Miss., Tex., Ill., Ohio, Kans., Neb., Mich., Minn.).
East of Rocky Mountains, Newfoundland to Florida, westward intermittently to Dakota, Nebraska, and Texas.
Ninety to one hundred feet in height, three to seven feet in diameter. Characteristic and beautiful form, smooth buds; leaves, smaller than those of Slippery-elm, are rough only when rubbed one way.
Heartwood light brown, sapwood yellowish white, rather coarse-grained, annual rings clearly marked.
Strong, tough, fibrous, difficult to split.
Flooring, wheel-stock, cooperage, ship-building, flumes, piles.
Weight of Seasoned Wood in Pounds per Cubic Foot.
1,540,000 (average of 18 tests by U. S. Forestry Div.).[24]
10,300 (average of 18 tests by U. S. Forestry Div.).[24]
The concentration of foliage at top, together with the form of the tree, renders it valuable in landscape work. It does not cause dense shade. Elm and silver-maple trees are among the first to show life in spring. Discarded brownish scales then cover ground in vicinity. [p037]
Rock Elm (R. I., W. Va., Ky., Mo., Ill., Wis., Ia., Mich., Nebr.).
Quebec and Vermont, westward intermittently to Nebraska and Tennessee. Best developed in southern Ontario and Michigan.
Seventy to ninety feet in height, two to three feet in diameter. Thick, corky, irregular projections give bark a shaggy appearance and mark the species.
Heartwood light brown, often tinged with red; sapwood yellowish or greenish white. Compact structure, fibres interlaced.
Heavy, hard, very strong, tough, difficult to split, susceptible of a beautiful polish, elastic.
Heavy agricultural implements, wheel-stocks, railway ties, sills, bridge-timbers, axe-helves, etc.
Weight of Seasoned Wood in Pounds per Cubic Foot.
Cork Elm is the best of the elm woods. [p038]
SLIPPERY ELM, RED ELM. _Ulmus pubescens Walt._ _Ulmus fulva Michx._
Slippery Elm, Red Elm (local and common name).
Ontario and Florida, westward intermittently to Nebraska and Texas. Best developed in Western States.
Forty-five to sixty feet in height, one to two feet in diameter. Characteristic shape, mucilaginous inner bark. Buds hairy. Leaves, larger than American Elm, are rough when rubbed either way.