[822] This custom continued in Ireland until Spenser's time.
[823] Leahy, i. 158; Giraldus, _Top. Hib._ iii. 22; Martin, 109.
[824] Sil. Ital. iv. 213; Diod. Sic. xiv. 115; Livy, x. 26; Strabo, iv. 4. 5; Miss Hull, 92.
[825] Diod. Sic. v. 29; Strabo, iv. 4. 5.
[826] D'Arbois, v. 11; Diod. Sic. v. 29; Strabo, _loc. cit._
[827] _Annals of the Four Masters_, 864; _IT_ i. 205.
[828] Sil. Ital. iv. 215, v. 652; Lucan, _Phar._ i. 447; Livy, xxiii. 24.
[829] See p. 71, _supra_; _CIL_ xii. 1077. A dim memory of head-taking survived in the seventeenth century in Eigg, where headless skeletons were found, of which the islanders said that an enemy had cut off their heads (Martin, 277).
[830] Belloguet, _Ethnol. Gaul._ iii. 100.
[831] Sil. Ital. xiii. 482; Livy, xxiii. 24; Florus, i. 39.
[833] Loth, i. 90 f., ii. 218-219. Sometimes the weapons of a great warrior had the same effect. The bows of Gwerthevyr were hidden in different parts of Prydein and preserved the land from Saxon invasion, until Gwrtheyrn, for love of a woman, dug them up (Loth, ii. 218-219).
[834] See p. 338, _infra_. In Ireland, the brain of an enemy was taken from the head, mixed with lime, and made into a ball. This was allowed to harden, and was then placed in the tribal armoury as a trophy.
[835] _L'Anthropologie_, xii. 206, 711. Cf. the English tradition of the "Holy Mawle," said to have been used for the same purpose. Thorns, _Anecdotes and Traditions_, 84.
[839] Curtin, _Tales of the Fairies_, 72; _Folk-Lore_, vii. 178-179.
[840] Mitchell, _Past in the Present_, 275.
[843] Mitchell, _loc. cit._ 147. The corruption of "Maelrubha" to "Maree" may have been aided by confusing the name with _mo_ or _mhor righ_.
[844] Mitchell, _loc. cit._; Moore, 92, 145; Rh[^y]s, _CFL_ i. 305; Worth, _Hist. of Devonshire_, 339; Dalyell, _passim_.
[846] Sébillot, ii. 166-167; _L'Anthrop._ xv. 729.
[848] Martin, 28. A scribe called "Sonid," which might be the equivalent of "Shony," is mentioned in the Stowe missal (_Folk-Lore_, 1895).
[849] Campbell, _Superstitions_, 184 f; _Waifs and Strays of Celtic Trad._ ii. 455.
[851] Tacitus, _Ann._ xiv. 30; Dio Cass. lxii. 6.
[852] Appian, _Celtica_, 8; Livy, xxi. 28, xxxviii. 17, x. 26.
[853] Livy, v. 38, vii. 23; Polybius, ii. 29. Cf. Watteville, _Le cri de guerre chez les differents peuples_, Paris, 1889.