This is a chronological list of pioneer aircraft built, planned or conceptualized before 1914. Entries here may or may not be repeated in the main List of aircraft pages.

Before the 19th century

12000 BC Vailixi flying machines

12000 BC Vimanika flying machines

400 BC Archytas steam powered pigeon

1485 Da Vinci Ornithopter

1493 Da Vinci Helicopter

1495 Da Vinci Aeroplane

1648 Hautsch and Burattini Flying machine

1655 Borelli and Hooke Ornithopter

1670 Terzi Flying boat

1678 Besnier Ornithopter

1709 De Gusmao Steam airship

1714 Swedenborg Monoplane

1742 De Bacqueville Artificial wings

1754 Lomonosov Helicopter

1764 Bauer Ornithopter

1768 Paucton Helicopter

1772 Desforges Flying machine

1781 Blanchard Flying machine

1781 Meerwein Ornithopter

1784 Blanchard Airship

1784 Charles and Robert Airship

1784 Gerard Ornithopter

1784 Launoy and Bienvenu Helicopter

1784 Meusnier Airship

1784 Renaux Ornithopter

1784 Thibault Flying machine

1788 De Goue Flying machine

1793 Aguilera Glider

1796 Cayley Helicopter

19th century

1804 Cayley Glider

1808 Degen Ornithopter

1811 Berblinger Glider

1812 Leppig Airship

1818 Lambertgye Helicopter

1828 Sarti Helicopter

1842 Henson Ariel monoplane

1843 Cayley Helicopter

1845 Cossus Helicopter

1848 Cayley Biplane glider

1848 Stringfellow Monoplane

1849 Porter Airship

1850 Jullien Airship

1852 Giffard Airship

1853 Cayley Glider

1853 Letur Flying machine

1854 Porter Airship

1856 Mouillard Glider No.1

1857 Du Temple Monoplane

1857 Le Bris Albatross glider

List of aircraft (pre-1914)