STAR-FISHES, SEA-URCHINS, AND SEA-CUCUMBERS.
The Star-Fishes.--Their Feet or Suckers.--Voracity of the Asterias. --The Rosy Feather-Star.--Brittle and Sand-Stars.--The real Sea-Stars of the British Waters.--The Sea-Urchins.--The Pedicellariæ.--The Shell and the Dental Apparatus of the Sea-Urchins.--The Sea-Cucumbers.--Their strange Dismemberments.-- Trepang-fishing on the Coast of North Australia.--In the Feejee Islands 328
Thread-cells or Urticating Organs.--Sertulariæ.--Campanulariadæ.-- Hydrozoic Acalephæ.--Medusidæ.--Lucernariadæ.--Calycophoridæ.-- The Velella.--The Portuguese Man-of-war.--Anecdote of a Prussian Sailor.--Alternating Fixed and Free-swimming Generations of Hydrozoa.--Actinozoa.--Ctenophora.--Their Beautiful Construction. --Sea-anemones.--Dead Man's Toes.--Sea-pens.--Sea-rods.--Red Coral.--Coral Fishery.--Isis hippuris.--Tropical Lithophytes.-- History of the Coral Islands.--Darwin's Theory of their Formation.--The progress of their Growth above the level of the Sea 345
The Foraminifera.--The Amœbæ.--Their Wonderful Simplicity of Structure.--The Polycystina.--Marine Infusoria.--Sponges. --Their Pores.--Fibres and Spiculæ.--The Common Sponge of Commerce 378
The Algæ.--Zostera marina.--The Ulvæ and Enteromorphæ.--The Fuci. --The Laminariæ.--Macrocystis pyrifera.--Description of the Submarine Thickets at Tierra del Fuego.--Nereocystis lutkeana. --The Sargasso Sea.--The Gathering of edible Birds'-nests in the marine Caves of Java.--Agar-Agar.--The Florideæ.--The Diatomaceæ.--Their importance in the economy of the Seas 390
THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF MARINE LIFE.
The Dependence of all created Beings upon Space and Time.--The Influences which regulate the Distribution of Marine Life.--The four Bathymetrical Zones of Marine Life on the British Coasts, according to the late Professor Edward Forbes of Edinburgh. --Abyssal Animals.--_Bathybius Haeckelii._--Deep-Sea Sponges and Shell-Fish.--Vivid Phosphorescence of Deep-Sea Animals.--Deep-Sea Shark Fishery--The "Challenger." 405
Its Causes.--Noctiluca miliaris.--Phosphorescent Annelides and Beroës.--Intense Phosphorescence of the Pyrosoma atlantica. --Luminous Pholades.--The luminous Shark.--Phosphorescent Algæ. --Citations from Byron, Coleridge, Crabbe, and Scott. 423