The monastery of Manuel was founded in 829-842 A.D., but the building believed to be the refectory is probably much later. As part of the monastery it might, of course, have been built at any date subsequent to the foundation of the House.
The architecture of the Sanjakdar does not correspond to the date of the foundation of the monastery of the Gastria in the ninth century. The building is certainly of late date, subsequent to the eleventh century. Of the Balaban Mesjedi it is impossible to say anything. It is the remnant of some Byzantine structure.
From 1204 to 1261, during the Latin Empire, we need not look for much building in the Greek Church. Soon after the fall of that empire comes the erection of S. Mary of the Mongols (1261-1282) and Monastir Jamissi (1282-1328). In both cases the architectural character is what we should expect. Following on this we have, in the fourteenth century, the alterations made in S. Saviour in the Chora (_c._ 1300), and the parecclesion of the Pammakaristos (_c._ 1315).
This was the last effort of pure Byzantine architecture in Constantinople. During the hundred years preceding the Turkish conquest in 1453 the gradually increasing pressure from the East put a stop to all architectural schemes; the craftsmen and artists fled to Italy, and there took their part in the great revival known as 'The Renaissance.'
VI. SS. Sergius and Bacchus, 527-36. S. Sophia, 532-37. S. Saviour in the Chora (the Justinian foundation). S. Andrew in Krisei.
VIII. S. Irene, 740. S. Mary Panachrantos (South Church); possibly earlier. S. Mary Pammakaristos; possibly earlier.
IX. S. Theodosia. S. Mary Diaconissa. SS. Peter and Mark.
X. The Myrelaion. S. Mary Panachrantos (South Church).
XI. S. Thekla. S. Saviour in the Chora (restoration in the reign of Alexius I. Comnenus). S. Saviour Pantepoptes. S. Saviour Pantokrator.
XII. S. Theodore. S. John in Trullo. Refectory of the monastery of Manuel? Bogdan Serai?
XIII. S. Mary of the Mongols. Monastir Jamissi.
XIV. S. Saviour in the Chora, 1306. Final restoration by Theodore Metochites. Parecclesion of the church of S. Mary Pammakaristos, _c._ 1315. Sanjakdar Mesjedi (Gastria)? Balaban Mesjedi?
CLASSIFICATION OF THE CHURCHES ACCORDING TO THEIR TYPE