§ 1. GEUM proper. _Styles jointed and bent near the middle, the upper part deciduous and mostly hairy, the lower naked and hooked, becoming elongated; head of fruit sessile in the calyx; calyx-lobes reflexed._
[*] _Petals white or pale greenish-yellow, small, spatulate or oblong; stipules small._
1. G. álbum, Gmelin. _Smoothish or softly pubescent; stem slender_ (2° high); root-leaves of 3--5 leaflets, or simple and rounded, with a few minute leaflets on the petiole below; those of the stem 3-divided or lobed, or only toothed; hairs upon the long slender peduncles ascending or spreading; _receptacle of the fruit densely bristly-hirsute._--Borders of woods, etc.; common. May--Aug.
2. G. Virginiànum, L. _Bristly-hairy, especially the stout stem_; lower and root-leaves pinnate, very various, the upper mostly 3-parted or divided, incised; petals inconspicuous, shorter than the calyx; heads of fruit larger, on short stout peduncles hirsute with reflexed hairs; _receptacle glabrous_ or nearly so.--Borders of woods and low grounds; common. June--Aug.
[*][*] _Petals golden-yellow, conspicuous, broadly-obovate, exceeding the calyx; stipules larger and all deeply cut._
3. G. macrophýllum, Willd. Bristly-hairy, stout (1--3° high); root-leaves lyrately and interruptedly pinnate, with the _terminal leaflet very large and round-heart-shaped_; lateral leaflets of the stem-leaves 2--4, minute, the terminal roundish, 3-cleft, the _lobes wedge-form and rounded; receptacle nearly naked_.--N. Scotia and N. Eng. to Minn., Mo., and westward. June. (Eu.)
4. G. stríctum, Ait. Somewhat hairy (3--5° high); root-leaves interruptedly pinnate, the leaflets wedge-obovate; _leaflets of the stem-leaves 3--5, rhombic-ovate or oblong, acute; receptacle downy._--Moist meadows, Newf. to N. J., west to Minn., Kan., and westward. July, Aug. (Eu.)
§ 2. STÝLIPUS. _Styles smooth; head of fruit conspicuously stalked in the calyx; bractlets of the calyx none, otherwise nearly as § 1._
5. G. vérnum, Torr. & Gray. Somewhat pubescent; stems ascending, few-leaved, slender; root-leaves roundish-heart-shaped, 3--5-lobed, or some of them pinnate, with the lobes cut; petals yellow, about the length of the calyx; receptacle smooth.--Thickets, Penn. to Ill., south to Ky. and Tex. April--June.