Under normal circumstances it will be found that laminar venation is most common in gamosepalous and vaginal venation in polysepalous calyces. And the same holds good in cases where the calyx is abnormally leafy. The complete leaf development shows itself more frequently among the monosepalous plants than in the polysepalous ones, as shown even in the subjoined list of species. This statement would be more fully verified were it possible to state the frequency with which the condition occurred in _individual plants_, when it would be found that phyllody of the calyx occurs much more often in individual gamosepalous plants than in polysepalous ones.
Phyllody of the calyx has been most often observed in the following plants:
Ranunculus acris! Delphinium Ajacis. Caltha palustris. Anemone Pulsatilla. sylvestris! nemorosa! hortensis! coronaria! *Papaver orientale. Escholtzia crocea. Cakile maritima. Diplotaxis tenuifolia. Thlaspi arvense. Cheiranthus Cheiri. incanus. Sinapis arvensis. Brassica oleracea! Peltaria alliacea. *Sisymbrium officinale. Caryophyllaceæ,[258] sp. pl. Geranium, sp.! *Fuchsia, var. hort.! Epilobium hirsutum! Cucurbita Pepo! *Rosa, var. hort.! Potentilla nepalensis. Fragaria sp. Geum rivale. Amygdalus communis. Persica vulgaris. Cerasus! Pyrus Malus. Daucus Carota. Athamanta Cervaria. *Trifolium repens! Centranthus macrosiphon. Tragopogon pratense. orientale. Scorzonera octangularis. Hypochæris radicata. *Senecio vulgaris! Podospermum laciniatum. Cirsium arvense. Carduus heterophyllus tataricus. Campanula, sp. Convolvulus sepium. *Primula officinalis, var. cult! acaulis. elatior. Gentiana campestris. *Petunia violacea! Lycium europæum. Laurus Sassafras. Tulipa Gesneriana. Convallaria maialis. Colchicum autumnale! (virescent?)
Consult also Turpin, 'Atlas de Goethe,' t. iv, f. 12, _Lycium_. Engelmann, 'De Anthol.,' § 35, p. 31. This author figures phyllodic sepals in _Senecio vulgaris_, tab. v, figs. 24-26; _Campanula_, tab. iii, f. 15, 16; _Athamanta cervaria_, tab. v, f. 14. Lindley, 'Elements of Botany,' 1847, pp. 64, 73, &c. 'Gard. Chron.,' 1858, p. 685; 1859, p. 654, _Cucurbita_. Petunnikoff, 'Bull. Soc. Imp. Moscow,' 1862, _Cirsium_. Braun, 'Rejuvenescence,' Ray Society's Transl. See succeeding paragraphs.