[15] Others again have derived the term _Jawa_ from _Yava_, which in Sanscrit means barley, whence Java has occasionally been termed the land of barley.
[16] Beschryving van _Groot Djawa_ of te _Java Major_ door F. Valentyn.--Amsterdam, 1726.
[17] The breadth is a few miles less between Cheribon and the south coast, occasioned by the deep bay of _Cheláchap_, and also in the eastern termination of the island beyond Surabáya, where it only averages forty-five geographical miles.
[18] The term _regencies_ is adopted from the title of Regent, given by the Dutch to the chief native authority in each district.
[19] _Súra-kérta_ or _Sura-kérta di ning'rat_, is the name given to the seat of empire; but as the capital was only removed to its present site about the middle of the last century, it is still frequently called _Solo_, the name of the village in or near which this capital was established.
[20] This capital is indifferently turned _Yokya_, _Jokya_, _Juju_, _'Ng'yug'ya_, or _Yug'ya-kerta_, and is the _Djojo-Carta_, according to the Dutch orthography. The turn _Yug'ya_ has been selected, on account of its nearer approximation to the supposed derivation of the word from the _Na-yud-ya_ of the Ramayan.
[21] The height of the mountain _Arjúna_, in the eastern part of the island, has been determined at 10,614 feet above the level of the sea; and this mountain is by no means so lofty as those of _Semíru_ and _Tegál_, the exact height of which has not yet been ascertained.
[22] The height of this mountain has been ascertained to be 5,263 English feet above the level of the sea.
[23] To the above general observations, which are made on the authority of Dr. Horsfield, it may not be uninteresting to subjoin a more particular account of two or three of the volcanos which have been examined by that gentleman; those of _Tánkuban-Prahu_, _Papandáyang_, and _Gúntur_ are, therefore, extracted from a paper published by Dr. Horsfield in the Batavian Transactions.
"TANKUBAN-PRAHU.--This mountain (which has derived its name from its appearance at a distance, resembling a _prahu_, or boat, turned upside down) forms a vast truncated cone. Its base extends to a very great distance, and it belongs to the largest mountains of the island, forming one of its most interesting volcanos. Although it has had no violent eruption for many ages, as is evident from the progress of vegetation, and from the depth of black mould which covers its sides, its interior has continued in a state of uninterrupted activity.