She'r-e Nimaa'i () is a school of Modernist poetry in Iran that is derived from the literary theory of Nima Yooshij, a contemporary Iranian poet. Nima Yoshij revolutionized the stagnant atmosphere of Iranian poetry with the influential poem Afsaneh, which was the manifesto of She'r-e Nimaa'i. He consciously challenged all the foundations and structures of ancient Persian poetry. The nature of Mazandaran, social criticism, and humor are just a few examples of the themes that Nima Yoshij used in his poems. She'r-e Nimaa'i was the source of inspiration and growth of many great modern Iranian poets, including Sohrab Sepehri, Forough Farrokhzad, Mehdi Akhavan-Sales and Fereydoun Moshiri.
She'r-e Nimaa'i has a special place in modern Iranian poetry. It was used for the first colloquial language in Iranian poetry. The shutters became shorter and longer, and a new look was taken at the poem. Although many criticisms were leveled at Nima Yoshij at the beginning, the She'r-e Nimaa'i school of poetry was eventually adopted and grew rapidly.
Afsaneh, Manifesto of She'r-e Nimaa'i
In 1923, Nima Yoshij published the She'r-e Nimaa'i Manifesto, a long poem with 103 verses called Afsaneh that contained all the features of She'r-e Nimaa'i.
Shams Langroudi describes the characteristics of She'r-e Nimaa'i as follows:
The type of free lyric in which the poet has achieved a form of earthly mysticism. A long, rhythmic system in which the rhyme problem is solved with a free Hemistich after all four Hemistich. The poet's attention to tangible realities and at the same time his emotional and poetic attitude towards objects. The difference between the poet's view and the poets of the past and its novelty and distance from imitation. Its closeness, in the light of the form of colloquial expression, to dramatic literature. The free journey of the poet's imagination in it. Telling the story of the poet's heartlessness and failures, which is subtly linked to the fate of society and his time.
The lyrical and wavy spirit of the "Afsaneh" and the length and detail of the narrative and dramatic work make the critic seem to have Nizami Ganjavi effect on Nima Yooshij's actions and thought more than anything else. "Afsaneh" was one of the first narrative poems of Nima Yoshij, which consisted of two complete narratives and a number of fragmentary narratives. "Afsaneh" is not a single narrative; Rather, it is an argument between two sides of the dialogue that in some discourse essays, a story is narrated by mentioning a memory. For the first time in Iranian poetry, "Afsaneh" was very far from its predecessors in terms of form and content; Especially Nima Yoshij's great innovation in how to present personal intentions.
Nima Yooshij's comment on traditional Persian poetry
Nima Yooshij hated ancient Persian poetry in the beginning of his poetry. But later he changed his mind. He once wrote: I had a strange hatred of all the old literature of the past ... Now I know it was a flaw.
His style in his poems was traditional at first, but after a while he became well acquainted with the French language, he lost his desire to compose in the old style of Persian poetry and to create a change in Persian poetry in a new and new style. However, a study of Nima Yoshij's poems shows that the imagination in these poems has much in common with the imagination in the poems of ancient Iranian poets.
History
Background
With the beginning of the Iranian constitutional movement, a new vision emerged, according to which a new era has arrived that is different from all periods of national history. The intellectuals of this period believed that the era of political tyranny was over and everyone felt that a similar change should take place in the field of culture. The poets and writers of this era were looking for a new aesthetic and wanted to write a new poem that was different from the previous Persian poetry.
One of the other influential factors in the literary developments of this period was the familiarity of Iranian intellectuals with European literature. They believed that the Constitutional Revolution was similar to the French Revolution and was able to create a new atmosphere in which prominent figures could be developed who could be compared to prominent European poets and writers. Intellectuals' interest in European literature, especially French literature, led to the translation of some of the works of the great European writers of the time, such as Victor Hugo, Lamartine, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Alphonse Daudet, and Chateaubriand, which influenced on the writings of many Iranian writers.