The only +four countries with _rising_ birth rates.+ _The death rate and the infantile mortality have increased in every one._
+_Australia._+ The death rate has fallen with the birth rate, and is now only about 10 per 1,000.
+_New Zealand._+ The only country in which the fall in the birth rate has not produced a fall in the death rate, and which is not therefore over-populated. The infantile mortality is the lowest in the world, and the death rate less than 10 per 1,000, which gives us an ideal which we can reach in all countries by lowering the birth rate sufficiently.
+_The City of Toronto._+ The birth rate has fallen and afterwards risen. The death rate has fallen with the birth rate, and afterwards risen, showing that the improvements in sanitation have not been the cause of the falling death rate in other countries.
+_Berlin._+ The birth rate rose rapidly from 1841 to 1876, and afterwards fell even more rapidly. The death rate, except for epidemics and wars, rose and fell in almost precise correspondence with the birth rate.
+_Europe and Western Europe._+ These show that the total population of Europe is increasing faster, the more the birth rate falls, while in Western Europe the birth and death rates correspond almost exactly. Calculations made from this show that about 25,000,000 fewer deaths have occurred in Europe since 1876, due to the fall in the birth rate caused by the Knowlton Trial and the Neo-Malthusian movement. It should be noted that in the great majority of cases the decline of the birth rate commenced in 1877, the year of the Knowlton Trial.
WESTERN EUROPE. (COMPRISING THE UNITED KINGDOM, NORWAY, SWEDEN, FINLAND, DENMARK, HOLLAND, BELGIUM, FRANCE, GERMANY, AUSTRIA, SWITZERLAND, ITALY, SPAIN, & PORTUGAL.)
(SEE SUNDBARG'S APERÇUS STATISTIQUES INT'ONAUX 1905. pp. 76 & 80.)
Exhibits lent by Mr. and Mrs. W. C. D. Whetham.
1. Pedigree showing the descent of Administrative Ability.
2. Wollaston Pedigree, showing the descent of Scientific Ability.
3. Pedigree showing the Mendelian descent of Eye-colour in mankind.
THE RACIAL FORM OF NOSE AND ITS SEGREGATIVE INHERITANCE.
The +form of a nose+ doubtless depends upon many factors. But chief among them we may suppose are the length, breadth, and angle of inclination of the nasal bones; the form, length, breadth, and thickness of the nasal septum, and the degree of development of the turbinal bones. The segregation and persistence in families of a definite type of nose-form is a subject well worth further study. The inheritance of this character from the Mendelian standpoint has not yet been adequately studied. But as with eye-colour, so with nose-form, we desire to know not only how alternative characters are inherited among individuals of the same race, but how they are +transmitted among+ the offspring of mixed races.